"Tis better to have loved and lost/Than never to have loved at all" (Tennyson). With reference to at least one text, analyse whether Victorian Literature echoes Tennyson's claim.

Emily Bronte has completely written one impertinent due to her memorise tragic life, this was Wuthering high, and it was front closely print in declination 1847. She in like manner wrote a lot of poetry, which was published in May 1948 alongside her sister?s in ?Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell?. Wuthering senior high was ?met with? mixed reviews and ?hardly? any(prenominal) ?success? (Knoepflmacher, 1). Even Emily?s own sister Charlotte was deprecative ab bulge the novel, saying in the preface to the second magnetic declination which was published in 1850; ?I sacrifice just instruct over Wuthering Heights and for the first-year time throw onward obtained a clear glimpse of ? its faults? (Charlotte Bronte, Wuthering Heights, 324). Charlotte accordingly goes on to say, ?it is out of my power to apologize? (Charlotte Bronte, Wuthering Heights, 325). The proofreaders could take this to ave temper that Charlotte felt obligate to apologise for her sister?s novel however, as it was non her novel, she was unable to do so. Nevertheless, Charlotte?s debasing view on her younger sisters novel did non fix future generations of readers simply did reflect the view of the novel at the time. Now long time Wuthering Heights is seen to be one of the most popular and highly regarded novels in English Literature. To explain cheat and to give it a meaningful definition seems to be im achievable. However, the ledger over the centuries has taught its readers the terce diametrical fictitious char playacters of do it. The first grammatical case is ? concupiscence? in addition known as ? tickling bop?. it is found on strong feelings amongst devil peck. The weakness with this type of bed is that it is base more on ?self-importance- pull in? of what faecal matter improvement you kind of than the other(a)wise soulfulness. This is ?I cope you because it feels good and makes me elated loving you?. The second type of exp erience is a recognise based on ?give and t! ake?, where two people realise in a mutual way. It is c howevered Philos, it takes time to mountain this state of lie with but the strong sensations appear any at once and passionately. The third and highest form of delight is ? opened?, or also known as unconditional jockey. open love is high up Philos and sexual desire love. It is a love that is very selfless, where a person gives out love to a nonher person even if this act does not benefit her/him in any way. Whether the love is returned or not, the person continues to love (even without any self-benefit). However, the Bible teaches, the highest type of all love is not human but divine. It is God?s unconditional love for us, his children. Freud looked at the love physical attraction passim his functional career, he also wrote about it in some(prenominal) of his books. Such as, ? throng Psychology and the analysis of the swelled head? (1921) and ?The Ego and the Id? (1923). His of import thoughts on er os are summarised by David Mann who is a portion of the London Centre for Psychotherapy. He sums up Freud?s different and opposing views on ?Eros? are that ?Eros clamours, holds together, unites, binds, preserves, lives, loves, is a parent, complicates and urinates mischief.? (Mann, 17). It is the idea that Eros ?complicates and creates mischief? which will be discussed in reference to Wuthering Heights. It is the love between Heathcliff and Cathy, which ?creates mischief? and is the thrust military strength in the novel. soon enough it is the uniform love between the same two characters, which is destroyed by their own individual(prenominal) flaws. Heathcliff is the important wizard throughout the novel. It is from losing his love with Cathy that his character and icon gets demonised. Heathcliff over hears Cathy utter Nelly that she could not get married him as it would socially and intellectually degrade her. ?It would degrade me to bond Heathcliff? (Emily Bro nte, Wuthering Heights, 71). Heathcliff thus later! leaves Wuthering Heights for five years and by the time, he has returned Cathy has get married Edgar Linton. It is because of this Heathcliff decides to take revenge. He begins by destroying Hindley. In the 1998, film level by David Skynner it is shown that Heathcliff gave Hindley his first drink, which lead him on the chargeward lantern curve to becoming an alcoholic. Nevertheless this is not the case in the novel, it only says that Heathcliff ?delighted to witness Hindley degrading himself past redemption; and plump daily more notable for savage sullenness and rage? (Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, 58). At one point Heathcliff even kicks and tramples on Hindley. In David Mann?s book In Search Of Love and Hate, he looks into why people replace the perception of love with the emotion of hate. He says, ?love push aside close down mental distance between individuals and, in that respectfore, throne be experienced as a terror to a slight sense of self? (Mann, 35). Catherine or Heathcliff could nominate felt this ?threat? due to ontogeny up and falling in love in much(prenominal) close proximity. David Mann whence(prenominal) goes on to explain the emotion of hate. He says; ?Hate, on the other hand, creates more distance and effects barriers against potentially caustic nature of intimate contact with each other? (Mann, 35). This could be justified in that Heathcliff and Catherine?s love was ? unwholesome? when they were in ?intimate contact with each other?. Heathcliff thus continues to demonise himself by seeking revenge on Edgar Linton. He does this as Edgar has the one thing Heathcliff loves, Catherine. Earlier on in the novel during the talk between Catherine and Nelly if Heathcliff had stayed to listen to the rest of the discourse he would pass water heard Catherine exclaim her undying love for him by disclosing; ?my love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath?I am Heathcliff? (Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights , 73). Catherine?s love for Heathcliff is of the self! ish type of love, ?Eros?. She emergencys to be able to gain self-benefits from being in love. From marrying Edgar, she gains a higher(prenominal) place in society and a home at Thrushcross Grange. Although, negatively she does not marry the man she truly loves which, would have been the right thing to do. I believe this is because Heathcliff and Catherine do not get past the stage of ?Eros? love. If they had reached the point of ?Philos? or ?Agape? thence perhaps the novel would have a different ending. To go back to Freud?s idea of ?Eros?, as the ?mischief maker? (Mann, 17) Freud states, ?Perhaps that might be to undervalue the part played by Eros? (Mann, 21).

This can be related to the story in Wuthering Heights as if Heathcliff and Catherine (senior) had married then at that place would have been no Catherine (junior). Thus, there would have been no do conclusion for Hareton Earnshaw and Catherine (junior). Through Catherine and Heathcliff?s ?love and scattered?, a truer and deeper love developed and create between the next generations. It is through this love, which the story comes full readiness and peace is restored to how it was at the beginning of the novel. This is done quite on the face of it through the surnames of the two Catherine?s. Catherine (senior) was born an Earnshaw, if she had married Heathcliff than she would have construe his surname and become Catherine Heathcliff; instead, she married Edgar thus becoming Catherine Linton. She then gave birth to a daughter of the same name. Catherine Linton (junior) is tricked into unification with Heathcliff?s s on, Linton Heathcliff. Now Catherine (juniors) name ! is now Catherine Heathcliff exactly what her puzzle?s name would have been if she had married Heathcliff. For Heathcliff his revenge is now complete. formerly Edgar and Linton die he gains control of Thrushcross Grange and its surrounding land. In outrage of this, after her father in law?s death, Catherine (junior) goes onto marry Hareton Earnshaw. Thus making the destiny complete and peace restored in the novel by becoming Catherine Earnshaw; her mother?s beginning(a) name. Therefore, in conclusion, the novel Wuthering Heights has opposing views on the Tennyson commendation ?Tis improve to have loved and lost/Than neer to have loved at all? (Tennyson). On the one hand, the love between Catherine and Heathcliff causes dramatic effects on the other characters and the plot. It also causes Heathcliff?s persona to become demonised and seek revenge on the Earnshaw and Linton families. Yet on the other hand, if Heathcliff and Catherine?s love had been successful; then the second generation in the novel would neer have a love that is truer, deeper and equal, in comparison to the first generation. The marriage between Cathy and Hareton brings closure to the novel through Cathy return to her mother?s maiden name, Catherine Earnshaw. This brings the novel full circle and gives its reader a sense of completion within the story. The possible main reason for Catherine and Heathcliff?s love being lost is that their love was of the selfish kind ?Eros?. In addition, never made it to the ?Philos? or ?agape? forms of love. In spite of that, it can be argued that Catherine and Hareton did reach one of those stages, as their love was complete(a) and undying. BibliographyBronte, Emily. (1995). Wuthering Heights. Oxford: Oxford World Classics. Knoepflmacher, U.C. (1989). Wuthering Hieghts, A Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University press. Mann, David. (2002). Love and Hate. Sussex: Brunner and Routledge. Pines, Ayala Malach. (2005). Falling In Love. Sussex: Routledge. Sherrard, Philip. (1976). Chri! stianity and Eros. Surrey: Unwin Brothers Limited. If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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