Proposed System for Plagiarism Detection

Proposed constitution for Plagiarism DetectionChapter 3The Proposed System instaurationThis chapter introduces ZPLAG as proposed carcass, and its most all important(predicate) design issues atomic number 18 explained in details.It is genuinely easy for the student to find the catalogues and magazines apply advanced search engines, so the problem of electronic thefts is no longer local or regional, simply has become a global problem occurring in many areas. receivable to the Hugging of information, and correlation networks, the uncovering of electronic thefts is a difficult task, and the disco truly of the thefts started in the Arabic language and the most difficult task no doubt.And in light of the growing e- tuition outlines in the Arab countries, this requires special techniques to observe thefts electronic written in Arabic. And although it could use rough search engines like Google, it is very difficult to copy and paste the sentences in the search engines to find the se thefts.For this reason, it moldiness be develop a good tool for the discovery of electronic thefts written Arabic language to protect e-learning agreements, and to facilitate and accelerate the learning process, where it can automatically detect electronic thefts automatically by this tool.This dissertation shows, ZPLAG, a arrangement that works on the Internet to enable specialists to detect thefts of electronic textual matters in Arabic so it can be incorporate with e-learning dusts to ensure the safety of students and research papers and scientific theses of electronic thefts.The thesis also describes the major components of this carcass, including stage outfitted, and in the end we testament hit an experimental system on a set of chronicles and Arabic texts and compared the results obtained with some of the existing systems, particularly TurnItIn.The chapter is organized as follow Section 3.2 presents an overview of the Arabic E-Learning, Section 3.3 presents and ex plains the General Overview of the Proposed System, Section 3.4 explains in details the system architecture of the proposed system ZPLAG. Section 3.5 gives a summery for this chapter.General Overview of the Proposed System The proposed system consists of three different phases namely (1) provision phase, (2) Processing phase, and (3) semblance maculation phase. Figure 3.1 depicts the phases of the proposed system.Figure 3.1 Proposed system phasesPreparation Phases this phase is responsible for pile up and prepares the historys for the next phase. It consists of five staffs text editor in chief staff, retain language faculty, check spell out mental faculty, check grammar staff, and Sentences analysis module.Text editor module allows the substance ab exploiter to input a text or upload a text appoint in document format, these commoves can be processed in the next phase.The check language module is responsible for checking the input file written language, If it is an A rabic language therefore(prenominal) use Arabic process, or English language then use English process.The check spell out module use to check the record books are written remunerate or there is some misspelling.This phase consists of three modules explained as followsTokenization unwrap up the input text as some token .SWR omit the common words that appear in the text but involve little meaning.Rooting is the process of removing (prefixes, infixes, or/and suffixes) from words to get the root or stems of this wordReplacement of Synonym words are converted to their synonyms.Similarity detection Phases It is consists of three modules fingerprint, documents mold and similarity detection, this phase discussed as follows To calculate fingerprints of any document, first slide up the text into undersize pieces called chunks, the collect method that responsible for not bad(p) up the text lead be determined 12. A social unit of chunk could be a sentence or a word. In case of c hunking using sentences called sentence-based, the document can be cutted into low-toned chunks based on C parameter. For example, a document containing sentences ds1 ds2 ds3 ds4 ds5, if C=3 then the calculated chunks depart be ds1 ds2 ds3, ds2 ds3 ds4, ds3 ds4 ds5. For example, a document containing words dw1 dw2 dw3 dw4 dw5, if C=3 then the calculated chunks will be dw1 dw2 dw3, dw2 dw3 dw4, dw3 dw4 dw5. The chunking using Word gives higher(prenominal)(prenominal) precision in similarity detection than the chunking sentence.The Architecture pf Proposed SystemThe following properties should be satisfied by any system sight plagiarism in natural language insensitiveness to small matches.Insensitivity to punctuation, capitalization, etc.Insensitivity to permutations of the document content.The system main architecture of ZPLAG is illustrated in Figur1.Preparation text editor, check language, check spelling, and check grammar.Preprocess synonym replacement, tokenization, rooting, a nd stop-word removal.Fingerprinting the use of n-gram, where the user choses the parameter n.Document representation for each(prenominal) document, realise a document tree structure that describes its internal representation.Selection of a similarity use of a similarity metric to find the long-dated match of two chop strings.As mentioned in the previous section, the system architecture breakdown contains three main phases. Each phase will be composed to a set of modules in terms of system functionality. The following section contains the description of each phase and its modules in details.3.4.1 The Preparation PhaseThe main task of this phase is to prepare the data for the next phase. It consists of text editor module, check language module, check spelling module and check grammars module.3.4.1.1. Text editor staffFigure 3.2, illustrates text editor module. The users of the text editor module are faculty members and students, where the users need a text area to upload their fi les, so the brows helps for file path to desexualise it easy for the users, After that check file format is very important , because the service upload files with doc or docx format, then after the user upload the file , the text editor module merely the file in the database.Figure 3.2 text editor module3.4.1.2 Check quarrel ModuleThe raw text of the document is treated separately as well. In methodicalness to extract terms from text, classic Natural oral communication Processing (NLP) techniques are applied as. Figure 3.3 illustrates Check Language module and its functions from the system database, whereas all the files are stored, the check language module necessitate the file and demand it, then check for language either Arabic , English or combo (both Arabic and English), After that mark the document with its written language and save the file again in the system database.Figure 3.3 check language module3.4.1.3 Check Spelling ModuleFigure 3.4 illustrates Check spelling m odule and its functions after rescue the document from the system database, whereas all the files are stored, the check spelling module read the file, and use the web spelling checker, then the check spelling module make all the possible replacements for the words in false spelling check , After that save the file again in the system database.Figure 3.4 check spelling module3.4.1.4 Check Grammars ModuleFor English documents, Figure 3.5 illustrates Check grammar module and its functions after bringing the document from the system database, whereas all the files are stored, the check grammar module read the file, and use the web grammar checker, After that the check grammar module mark the sentences with the suitable grammar mark and save the file again in the system database.Figure 3.5 check grammar module3.4.2 The processing Phase3.4.2.1 The Tokenization ModuleIn the Tokenization module after bringing the document from the system database, whereas all the files are stored, the To kenization module read the file, and stop down the file into paragraphs, after that brake down the paragraphs into sentences, then brake down the sentence into words. After that save the file again in the system database.3.4.2.2 The Stop Words Removal and Rooting ModuleThe raw text of the document is treated separately as well. In order to extract terms from text, classic Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are applied as. Figure 3.6 illustrates Stop Words Removal and rooting module and its functionsFigure 3.6 SWR and Rooting moduleSWR Common stop words in English include a, an, the, in, of, on, are, be, if, into, which etc. Whereas stop words in Arabic include , , , , etc. These words do not provide a significant meaning to the documents . Therefore, they should be removed in order to snip noise and to reduce the computation time.Word Stemming it will be changed into the words basic form.3.4.2.3 Replacement of SynonymReplacement of Synonym It may help to detect ad vanced forms of hidden plagiarism. The first synonym in the list of synonyms of a given word is considered as the most stag one.3.4.3 The Similarity Detection Phase3.4.3.1 The Fingerprinting ModuleIt is consists of three modules Fingerprinting, documents representation and similarity detection, this phase discussed as follows To calculate fingerprints of any document, first cut up the text into small pieces called chunks, the chunking method that responsible for cutting up the text will be determined 12. A unit of chunk could be a sentence or a word. In case of chunking using sentences called sentence-based, the document can be cutted into small chunks based on C parameter. For example, a document containing sentences ds1 ds2 ds3 ds4 ds5, if C=3 then the calculated chunks will be ds1 ds2 ds3, ds2 ds3 ds4, ds3 ds4 ds5. In case of chunking using word called a word-based chunking, the document is cutted into small chunks based on C parameter. For example, a document containing words d w1 dw2 dw3 dw4 dw5, if C=3 then the calculated chunks will be dw1 dw2 dw3, dw2 dw3 dw4, dw3 dw4 dw5. The chunking using Word gives higher precision in similarity detection than the chunking sentence. ZPLAG is based on a word-based chunking method in every sentence of a document, words are first chunked and then use a hash function for hashing.3.4.3.2 The Document Representation ModuleDocument representation for each document, create a document tree structure that describes its internal representation.3.4.3.3 The Similarity Detection ModuleA tree representation is created for each document to describe its logical structure. The root represents the document itself, the second level represents the paragraphs, and the switch nodes contain the sentences.SummaryBeing a growing problem, The electronic thefts is chiefly known as plagiarism and dishonesty academic and they constitute a growing phenomenon, It should be known that way to prevent its spread and follow the ethical principles that control the academic environments, with easy access to information on the World Wide Web and the large number of digital libraries, electronic thefts have become one of the most important issues that plague universities and scientific centers and research.This chapter presented in detailed description of the proposed system for plagiarism detection in electronic resources and its phases and its functions.

Can Sri Lanka Apparel Industry Face Future Challenges?

Can Sri Lanka Appargonl Industry cause Future Ch aloneenges?1. Sri Lanka has tradition wholey been an agro- ground rescue from the ancient condemnation. With the Industrial Revolution taking root in Europe and later spreading to the rest of the introduction, Sri Lanka besides had to take its place in this scenario. Factory weighing machine returnion of go under do outfits in Sri Lanka had its beginnings in the early 1950s to become the stup remainderousst attention in the Sri Lankan economy. During the pre-liberalization era (pre-1977), the domestic cloth persistence was essentially an spell out electrical switch pains confined to a few whacking- graduated table material industries run by the g all overnment. The textile industriousness did not make a great deal progress during this period. The drape exertion has its origins in the mid- 1960s, but unlike the textile attention, the former was mainly run by the private welkin. Initially, approximately all of the change states set offd were for the domestic grocery and in that location were hardly any portion outs during this period. A mammoth sh be of the perseverance was in the hands of few companies. Since the importation of textiles was each banned or restricted, cover chargeical anaestheticly produced textiles mainly fed the snip diligence.GARMENTS alone external and internal finished common attire items much(prenominal) as garbs, T shirts, pants, dresses, sports clothe, fashion get dresseds, under coiffes etc.APPAREL finished equalume that can be considered as supporting app atomic number 18l or entreeories such(prenominal) as jackets, lingerie, leather uniform, knitted garments, shoes, hats, gloves, fashion accessories etc.2. The period afterward the late 1970s maxim a rapid expansion of the garment labor in Sri Lanka. The phenomenal growth during this period can be attributed to three major computesa. The initiative is the market-oriented libe ral economic policies introduced in 1977, which put greater emphasis on the merchandise-led industries.b. The second is the supportive measures taken by the governing body by the Board of Investment, such as duty shift importation of industrial inputs, off-shore borrowing facilities, task holi eld or concessional taxation, etc. These measures together with the handiness of push- intensive industries such as garments.c. The next most-valuable factor which contributed to the Sri Lankan turn industry is the Multi Fibre ar rakement ( MFA ).AIM4. The aim of this search is to discuss approximately the apparel industry in Sri Lanka and analyse the coming(prenominal) challenges.CHAPTER TWOMETHODOLOGYSTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM1. The apparel sphere of influence had adult tremendously after introducing the open economy. Now it has become the leading merchandise industry replacing the traditional tea leaf and rubber. It is the most significant and slashing contributor of Sri La nkan economy.2. The major drawback in the Sri Lankan apparel industry is that it has not upgraded with up-to-the-minute technologies and modern consumer demands to compete with the separate countries, mostly the sulphur East Asiatic countries. National economy will definitely be affected if the realm fails to address the drawbacks in the industry.3. The aim of my research is to identify the weaknesses in the apparel sphere of influence and to suggest favourable and appropriate solutions to secure the industry.RESEARCH scheme4. It is hypothe surfaced that the reason for not upgrading with the latest technology and consumer demands is lack of upper-case letter, incompatible demands and elevated aspiration. SCOPE OF THE STUDY5. The scope of the study covers an assessment of the order do garment industry in Sri Lanka taking three well know factories in to consideration. Factors that had been an match to the industry will be set through the research and the root causes of the problem will be then be identified. Recommendations will be made for the improvement.METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION6. The required data for the research will be drawn from the fol down in the mouthing sourcesa. base sources Primary sources will include information collected by interviewing preference personnel in the garment sector.b. Secondary sources Information will be ga in that locationd from relevant books, journals, the internet, treaties, conventions as well as international and local enactments of relevance.CHAPTER THREEOVERVIEW OF THE APPAREL perseveranceHISTORY1. The textile and article of clothing industry had emerged from a modest beginning in the early 1950s A few pioneering industrialists who started out on an un plastered course at this term , confident their manufacture to only some popular items of garments and catered essentially to local demand. By the end of the 1950s there was a reversal in policies and the economy moved towards restrictions on imports and a policy of import substitution in industry began to be perused. While the major basic industries were silent for the state a wide range of consumer goods industries were opened to the private sector , which was provide with various investment incentives and a protected market. Over the ecstasy of the 1960s as many as 300 categories of industrial intersection points began to be manufactured locally. Among this range of products a major item was textiles and another ready made garments, though from the outset raw materials required for the garments industry were imported.2. It was in the late1960s that Sri Lankas ready made garments began to break into export markets. Sri Lankas shirts had found acceptability in markets such as the UK and Soviet Union and a leading shirt manufacture began export up to Rs2 trillion worth of product one-yearly to the USSR, indoors the bilateral mint agreement between Sri Lanka and the USSR.3. or so 1972 there was a change in outlook towards t he industry as existing policy was altered to al offset certain sectors to adapt an export oriented approach. Special unknown exchange al billets and other fiscal and tax incentives were offered to selected export oriented industries under this package. In the first six geezerhood of the 1970s over 2500 industrial units received approval from the Local Industries wonder Committee (LIAC) and of these nearly cc0 were in the product free radical of Textiles and Textile based industries. By the mid 1970s wage/ pries inflation and imposition of trade quotas on exports of traditional Asian Suppliers of made-up garments such as Hong Kong , Taiwan, southwestern ,Korea and Singapore made Sri Lanka to a greater extent attractive location for the industry. New units began to be realiseed in collaboration with foreign capital/merchandising, while fruit was being upgraded through import.4. The period after the late 1970s saw a rapid expansion of the clothing industry in Sri Lanka. The sp lendid growth witnessed during this period can be attributed to two major factors. The first is the market-oriented liberal economic policies introduced in 1977. The market friendly economic reforms, which identified the private sector as the engine of growth, places greater emphasis on the export-led industries.5. The second important factor which contributes to the remarkable expansion of the Sri Lanka textile and clothing industry is the Multi Fibre arranging ( MFA ). Sri Lanka is one of the countries that benefited from the quota hopping investments. The overseas manufactures of garment who resettled their production facilities in Sri Lanka include firms from both and Newly Industrialize Countries ( NICs) in East Asian and Europe. While the NIC firms moved their operations mainly as a means of quota hopping the motivation for producers of countries such as Germany and the UK to move into Sri Lanka was the move up production costs in their home countries. Given the ability to infract to different pointednesss of the clothing industry, these overseas producers were able to disinteg appraise their production lines into low- scathed countries like Sri Lanka without much difficulty. Investments by these two categories of foreign manufacturers fuelled the growth of the Sri Lankan clothing industry to a large extent. In fact, the factories set up as joint ventures and wholly owned foreign companies account for almost half(prenominal) of the enumerate exports earning from garments.MULTI FIBRE ARRANGEMENT6. The Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) is a system of quotas designed to protect garment industries in first world countries by slowing down the pace of globalization. The MFA does not apply to the expanding garment trade between rich countries.7. The MFA has had a complex but crucial impact on the development of the garment industry. In the Third World, by awful limits on poor uncouth exports, it encouraged investors to shop around for unfermented countri es. This because of the increase in meretriciousnesss of ready made garment entering develop countries caused concern and eventually led the developed countries to seek the occurrence of The popular Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT) to protect their markets. The reason for this concern was ascribable to the fact that the industrialised countries never caused to be textile and garment manufactures because the industry busy a large number of women specially minorities and immigrants in the regular army and Europe. GATT,s solution to the dilemma of the industrialised nations was the Multi Fibre Arrangements (MFA) which imposed quota restrictions on certain garment categories, there by limiting the quantity of apparels that could be exported to the developed countries by any single developing country. This curtailed the potential of countries like Hong Kong, southerly Korea, Mexico and Yugoslavia which were go on textile manufactures. In turn it allowed countries like Indi a, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to enter the industry with guaranteed markets. It was first introduced in 1974 and will end in cc5. As a result there was a world wide boom in the textile and apparel export industry in the mid 1980s.200 GARMENT FACTORIES PROGRAMME (200 GFP)8. In view of the infrastructure facilities and restricting proximity to the port and airport facilities etc. most textile and clothing manufacturers arduous their operations in or around the occidental province, where the countrys capital is located. As a result, unemployment one for the major problem faced by Sri Lanka move to remain laid-back in the other parts of the island. Growing unemployment resulted in youth unrest in most of the rural areas. Thus, in 1990,a console Sub-Committee recommended that garment factories should be opened in provincial areas other than the Western Province. Consequently, the 200 garment factories programme (200 GFP) was launched with the idea of opening at least(prenominal) one garment factory in each of the 200 adjuvant Government Agent (AGA) divisions. The main incentive which encouraged the private sector to take part in this programme was quotas. For this purpose, the remote areas of the country were assort into three categories, namely non-difficult, difficult and most difficult. Quotas were allocated on the basis of the location for the industry. The more(prenominal) isolated and difficult the area, the gameer was the quota allocated. While well-nigh 40 partage of the areas were identified as difficult, just over 40 per centum fell indoors the most difficult category. The rest, just fewer than 20 percent, were classified as non difficult. In addition to quotas, the factories setup under the 200 GFP were also offered various other incentives such as tax holidays or lower corporate taxes, duty-free importation machinery and raw materials, loans from foreign silver banking units, etc. as the main thrust behind the 200 GFP was the towering un employment in the rural sector, each factory was intended to employ at least 500 workers. By the end of 1996, there were 154 factories in moneymaking(prenominal) operation under this programme, providing 76,821 employment opportunities.CHAPTER FOURTHE ROLE OF TEXTILE AND vesture INDUSTRY IN THESRI LANKAN ECONOMY1. The common features of developing countries are high rates of population growth, high rates of unemployment, low savings, insufficient capital formation, low investment, high capital output ratio, rudimentary technology and sordid skilled and unskilled labour. These countries are also mainly exporters of primary husbandry products. Further being too small to achieve economies of scale in their domestic markets, these countries have adopted export led growth policies which are designed to generate foreign exchange and expose the productive factors of the country to the stimulus of competitive influence.2. The textile garment industry there for became the sign response of developing countries to this call for export led growth. organism a labour intensive industry requiring a small capital base. executing of textile and apparel shifted to developing countries in the 1960s. It provided employment for a large number of persons earned foreign exchange allowed for diversification of the export industry and paved the way for industrialization. Some countries attracted foreign investors by opening up free trade zones. Many critics called it textile led growth.3. At the judgment of conviction Sri Lanka began to pursue liberal economic policies in 1977, the textile and clothing industry played only a minor role in the countrys economy. In the light of the broad based economic liberalisation and the benign impact of the MFA, the industry since then has recorded a remarkable growth and take for granted a key role in the economy. While garments accounted for the largest share of all commodity exports (27 per cent) in 1986, it became the largest foreign exchange earner (US$ 0.4 billion) by 1992, by 1995 garments export exceeded US$ 1.5 billion, nearly half of all commodity exports.4. Of the 21 percent contribution made by the manufacturing industries to the countrys economy in 1996, 40 per cent was from the textile and clothing sector. The growth of the garment industry was curiously rapid in 1992 and 1993 callable to the attempts taken by the government under the 200 GFP decentralise the industry away from the Western Province. Although the textile and clothing sector registered a slow growth of 5.1 per cent against 14.8 per cent in 1995, it still accounted for 33.7 per cent of the growth witnessed in the private sector industrial output. (The slow growth in 1996 was primarily because of the continued power cuts due to prolong drought). According to the Ministry of industrial Development, there has been a total of 859 garment factories at the end of 2001 while the number of textile manufacturing firms stood over 140, with less(p renominal) than 10 companies accounting for most of the output. The largest garment factories (in ground of employment) were located within the free-trade-zones (FTZs) run by the Board of Investment of Sri Lanka (BOISL) the authority responsible for the packaging of foreign direct investment.5. Today the textile and clothing sector has replaced the tea industry the traditional front line export industry as the leading foreign exchange earner. Specially, the growth of garment export has been passing impressive. For instance during the period 1980 to 1990 the value of apparel export increased from US $ 100 billion to US $ 620 million. In hurt of quantity, the exports grew from 52 million pieces to 212 million pieces during the same decade. Exports of garments, which were only 10 percent Sri Lankas total export in 1980, reached nearly half in 1993, registering in second-rate annual increase of 30 percent. In 1996 the textile and clothing sector accounted for 46 percent of the cou ntrys total export earning. Its share among the industrial exports reached as high as 63 percent. The highest growth, (21 percent) was in the woven fabric categories.6. The textile and clothing sector has also been an outstanding source in generating employment opportunities. Being a highly labour intensive industry, this sector has been successful in absorbing a fairly large number of workers. By end of 2001, garment sector provided direct employment to approximately 391682 personal. The garment sector as whole re testifyed about 14 percent of the 5.5 million of the countrys total employed work ferocity. Approximately 40 percent of which was move in the textile and clothing sector. Of the total work index employed in the textile and clothing industry, more than 60 percent was with the clothing sector.CHAPTER FIVEPRESENT POSITION OF THE SRI LANKA APPAREL INDUSTRYMAJOR MARKETS OF SRI LANKA1. Since more than 90 percent of exports from the Sri Lankas textile and clothing industries consist of ready made clothing, the focus here is on clothing. Sri Lanka currently maintains bilateral textile agreements in the context of the MFA with Canada, the EU and the regular army. More than 90 percent of Sri Lankas exports of clothing are accounted by only two markets, the EU and the USA. The USA continues to account for about 60 percent of total clothing exports from Sri Lanka. About 90 percent of exports (by value) to the USA consist of quota items. The bilateral agreement between the US and Sri Lanka contains more than 30 quota categories, covering over 50 clothing items. While the quota performance against the US market is generally high, utilisation rate of certain quota categories such as knitted shirts and blouses, trousers, under tear, coveralls, and overall, terry and other pile towels etc. has reached almost 100 per cent during the youthful years1.2. The EU has been absorbing about 35 percent of Sri Lankas total exports of clothing e rattling year. The largest buyer of Sri Lankan garments within the EU is the UK (about 45%) which is followed by Germany (about 20%), the Netherlands (about 9%), France (about 5.5%), Belgium- Luxembourg (about 5% ) and the rest Sri Lankas exports to the EU has been subject to quotas under four categories namely, trousers, blouses, shirts and jackets. The utilisation rate of quotas of the first three categories (most sensitive ones) during 1996 was 84 percent, 100 percent and 73 percent respectively, while the rate of the fourth category was nearly 30 percent. Canada continues to account for about 1.5 percent of Sri Lankas total exports of garments. While Sri Lankas bilateral textile agreement with Canada contains about 15 product categories under quotas.THE ABOLITION OF QUOTA ashes3. Sri Lankas apparel industry is now a major contributor to the countrys economy after its modest beginnings in the seventies. It re affords 54% of our total exports and 71% of Sri Lankas total industrial exports. The garment expo rts make a direct contribution of 7% to the overall economy.The rapid growth of this industry could be attributed to the followingsa. A durable market because of the quota system.b. Low labour cost.c. Liberal economic and trade policies.d. revenue enhancement benefits and the concessions granted to the industry.4. From its inception the quota system was a boom to Sri Lankas apparel industry. The availability of a stable market eliminated the danger of competition from open industrialists in the international field, and attracted direct foreign investment and helped Sri Lanka prosper in this industry.5. Although the abolition of quota system in 2005 had a negative impact on the industry it also opened up an expanded free market. As such the future of the garment industry in Sri Lanka will estimate on our ability to face competition. One third (1/3) of the total exports from Sri Lanka are make by 25 large scale manufacturers. These organizations are in a position to restructure a nd sustain themselves in a competitive market according to surveys. But the survival of the other small and medium scale industries is at stake, making the situation critical because these small and medium scale manufacturers are the biggest employers in the apparel industry2.SWOT FOR THE APPAREL INDUSTRY8. Strengths. The product quality level for the current market segments is considered high write up as a country which follows labour laws and good working conditions. The product price ranks second with large customers confirming that price quality carnal knowledge of Sri Lanka is good On time hold openy is the third best metier with effort towards reducing lead-times. Availability of skilled labour, educated and trainable work force and management of production capacity and ability to handle high volume orders are also considered strengths the Sri Lankan industry presently possesses. Apart from those the geographical size of the country facilitates easy movement with in the co untry serves a push advantage3.9. Weaknesses. The weaknesses in the Sri Lankan industry can be listed down as followsa. wishing of marketing skills with over dependence on buying officers, and apportionment of quotas.b. Low level of marketing information, and knowledge about export marketing with hardly any marketing activities.c. Lack of fabric base and over dependence on input suppliers with long lead timesd. Lack of a conceptive work ethic along with high absenteeism and labour turn over.e. Warm climatic condition of the country which reduces productivityf. increase cost of labour and availability of employment in other industries and foreign employment opportunities10. Opportunities. To overcome the loss of orders due to the expiry of Multi Fibre Arrangement after year 2005, the position in the traditional export markets in the USA and UK by should be strengthened by establishing a strong relationship with distributors and buyers and developing an expansion schema for the markets with good potential. Thereafter the probability exists to gain a high market share by implementing an fast-growing(a) marketing strategy in the markets, where Sri Lanka has a weak positioning. Further there is a very good opportunity to capture a bigger market share in the EU As at present Sri Lanka is not with in first 15 exporters to the EU.11. Further opportunities exists in capturing the South Asian Market especially the High Price garments with designer wear and Intimate garments, a market where Sri Lankan Manufactures are now experts in producing and marketing. The for sale free trade agreements should be exploited in trade between India and Pakistan to export finished garments and to import fabric and accessories. It is also important to establish and identity for of Sri Lanka as a destination, which manufactures very high quality garments12. Threats. The threats to the present Garment Industry are as followsa. An intensification of the competition, especially fro m the sub Asian member countries, before and after the phasing out of the MFA.b. Improvement of the former collectivized economies, who have a good textile industry and a large domestic Market which are highly potential and geared to satiate the quality and delivery necessitys especially from EU.c. The arrival of new competitors in the Asian sub continent such as Vietnam, Cambodia , Myanmar and Laos.d. Special advantages created for the USA market by the NAFTA, consolidation and other regional economic cooperatione. The increase in Sri Lankas labour costs at a faster pace than productivityf. The necessity to reduce lead time from the manufactures to the shop, and the distant suppliers inability to deliver the value added garments on timeg. Successive government has not turn to the issue of low productivity, and even at this stage a government funded garment manufacturing and production management training institute has not been established and this posses a threat to the industr ys futureh. Geographical location of the country. Sri Lanka is located at the furthest end of the Indian Ocean, when compared with other competitive garment trade countries, which export to the USA, EU and other wealthy nations. Almost all the countries, which are geographically located close to Sri Lanka are under developed and, low income countries struggling to survive.CHALLENGES FACED BY THE SRI LANKAN APPAREL INDUSTRY13. In the new-fangled past, the global garment industry has been subject to significant changes in terms of changes in consumer demands, changes in technology, and fierce competition. These changes have also filtered down to the Sri Lankan garment industry and there is now considerable pressure on the industry to each higher standard of production and service.14. As the garment industry is a relatively low skilled and labour intensive operation, over time there has been a shifting of production from countries such as Hong Kong. South Korea and Taiwan to low wage countries such as Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. As this process of shifting (or shifting comparative advantage) has continued, Sri Lanka has gradually lost its low labour cost comparative advantage.15. As the majority of Sri Lankan manufactures currently produce standard garments where competition is primarily based on price, Sri Lanka faces stiff competition from other developing countries of South and South East Asia where production cost is low (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam). China has also emerged as a dominant force in the global apparel industry with its massive supply talent and low costs of production. These countries have a lower ranking in terms of cost of production in comparison to Sri Lanka. Given this situation, there may be a need for Sri Lanka to move some of its exports to the top end of the market as a reputable and dependable supplier of quality apparel in Asia. In the higher value clothing segment, countries such a Malay sia, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan are serious competitors4.16. While Sri Lanka s global market share has been recorded at 1.5 percent, more recent estimates indicate that there has been a marginal increase, and stands at 2 percent of the global garment market. During the period 1995 to 2000, Sri Lanka maintained a 19 percent export earning growth in the garment industry. If there is a lifting of the US tariff barriers for Sri Lankas apparels, then according to some commentators there would be a significant increase of exports. As mentioned earlier, although over 90 percent of Sri Lankas garment exports are destined for the USA and the EU, Sri Lanka does not rank amongst the top exporting nations to the EU. Sri Lanka ranked 20th and 16th place among suppliers of apparel products to the EU and the USA market, respectively, in 1998. The positive feature is that the Sri Lankan garment manufacturers, in general, have construct up a good rapport and sound reputation the world ov er. It is a great advantage when compared to her competing neighbours.17. Buyers now have a range of sources from which to choose, and countries such as Mexico (supplying to the USA) and Turkey (supplying to the EU) have the added advantages of being in close proximity to their major markets, lower transport cost and shorter turn-around times. Moreover, Mexico and free of quota restrictions access to their major markets.18. One factor contributing to this reduced level of price competitiveness is the increasing cost of labour in Sri Lanka compared to other garment producing nations. Labour costs have been steadily increasing and currently put up between 15-30 percent of total production costs in the average Sri Lankan garment manufacturing firm, highlighted the hourly wage rates of a number of garment manufacturing nations and indicated that Sri Lankas competitors currently have relatively lower wage cost structures. For those competitors who gave higher wage cost structures (and h igher global market shares), their strengths lie in particular in their high levels of productivity.HOW SHOULD WE FACE THE COMPETITION?18. The researcher recommends the following changes to carry the garment industry in Sri Lanka.Developing Skills Of Labour ForceThe skill level on high fixity machines have been found to be in sufficient. This resulted in low efficiency levels and low chivy strike down Time. Which are two important performance measurements in the garment industry. intense training to upgrade skill level, parallel to technological onward motion is important to gain a competitive advantage in the garment industry.b. institution of a Government Administered Garment industry related training institute. It is recommended to the government, at least at this stage to focus on this issue, and establish a dedicated training institute for all levels of employees in the apparel industry, as the future of thee industry and employment of 350000 personnel will purely depen d on countries competitiveness on productivity and cost of labour.e. Increasing Needle Down Time(1) Use of Modern MachineryNeedle down time could be increased through training and use of modern advanced machinery. Introduction of modern machines as under bed trimmers and computerised machines will vivify up the sewing process and assist the operator to use other advanced facilities of the machines.(2) Reduction of secondary activitiesNeedle Down Time (NDT)could be further increased by following General Sewing information Standards, which indicates the ideal movements by machine operators to reduced idle time and speed up the sawing process.f. Backward Integration. Due to lack of modernisation and technological advancement in the textile manufacturing sector the garment industry has to depend for its requirement on imported fabric. Therefore to be competitive backward integrating is necessary, but it requires high capital expenditure- is around US $ 25-30 million. In Sri Lankan te rms this is a huge investment. Therefore it is prudent for Sri Lankan to concentrate from processing stage onwards and import grey fabric from abroad. Given proximity to Asian producers fabric can be soured with minimal lead time. go ventures, strategic alliances, etc. will be ideal if can be so arranged.g. Export Alliance. A group of small / medium surface companies with not so unique products and only limited funds ready(prenominal) for export market development can form an export alliance. This group of entrepreneurs exporting can exploit the market much more professionally than an individual. In addition they can benefit by sharing the very heavy marketing expenses and the orders received from buyers.h. Product Quality. As the cost of fabric constitutes a major share in the unit cost of garments, a great deal of attention has to be paid for quality controls at the fabric level. An integrated approach in quality assurance in the process from fabric to garments can be a powerfu l gumshoe in using quality as a differentiation strategy for competitive advantage.i. Management of Lead Time. Lead-time taken by Sri Lankan exporters around 60-120 days is a

Edna’s final decision

Ednas final decision1) Justify Ednas final decision in The A perk upning.Ednas final decision of committing suicide in The Awakening is inevitably linked to freedom. She grew up in a conservative society where marriage and motherhood provided a satisfying future for the young women, no matter what their true desires in breeding were. Having believed this either through knocked out(p) her life, Edna eventu whollyy got married and had children, altogether to find that she wasnt suited for either lifestyle. The years that are g single see like dreams-if bingle might go on sleeping and dreaming-but to wake up and find-oh well Perhaps it is better to wake up afterwards all, even to suffer, rather than to remain a dupe to illusions all ones life (Chopin 624). Edna fully understands that she sincerely wants nil to do with her children when she clearly understands what she had meant enormous agone when she said to Adele Ratignolle that she would go up the unessentials, but she w ould n perpetually sacrifice herself for her children (Chopin 626). though Edna didnt like her lifestyle, as she had made it, if any women in her society were to give up marriage and motherhood to follow their own path, she would be condemned. Therefore, she felt up her all way to freedom and indep devastationence from her life was to go against temperament and commit suicide, which she did so by floatming out in the maritime and not returning to shore.2) What is meant by ro humanitykind type Fever? How does it influence Alida and benevolence?Roman Fever is meant to portray pregnancy in the story. People in that time period seemed to think that Roman Fever was only caught at night by women, since shortly after their night out, the signs and symptoms of pregnancy could stick already been occurring. So e precise night when Roman fever pedunculate the streets the mothers would gather in the girls at the danger hour (Wharton 782). If any women came make with the illness it was assumed she was rebellious and stayed out all night long, believably chasing after boys. Roman Fever influences Alida and Grace, since Grace was assumed to have caught the Roman Fever the one night she was out with Alidas fianc. No one knew she was out with him that night, since it was supposed to be a prank date planned by Alida, so no one could have questioned her about being pregnant. still Grace knew her secret of being pregnant and it was clear that Alida didnt, especially when she says I re division how ill you were that winter. As a girl you had a very delicate throat, hadnt you, (Wharton 783). This clearly indicates morning sickness, which is usually associated with the early signs of pregnancy.3) Why does stretch refer to the characters (except one, late in the story) by their professions, instead of names?genus Grus identifies the characters by their occupations (besides one), instead of names, because he cute to pin point the one person in the story with a name, as a nemesis to personality. The only one in the story who had a name highborn to them was the oiler, Billie. The oilers job represents contamination and pollution to the ocean, where as the other characters jobs like the captain, cook, and synonymous did not. In the quote The black waves were silent and hard to be seen in the darkness, it seems as if it is referring to dirty black water, such as an oil exuviate (Crane 757). Since an oilers job is usually associated with machines and dirt, the occupation in the story is represented as darkness toward nature. Though Billie was the most hard working crew member on the life boat he was unwanted by nature due to his occupation. When the boat began to sink all the men attempted to swim ashore to the island. All but one man, Billie, made it. Even though the oiler was the strongest and fastest swimmer of the men, the waves seem to want to take him mound by drowning him with the strong currents. After the oilers death, Crane made everythi ng at the end of the story to give-up the ghost peaceful. When it came night, the white waves paced to and fro in the moonlight and the wind brought the sound of the great seas voice to the men on the shore (Crane 763).4) What is the determinist instalment in The Second choice, how does it affect the characters and the situations that unfold, where is the influence of the element most keenly seen?The determinist element in the short story The Second Choice is definitely Shirley. She grew up in a town where everything was pretty much(prenominal) the same everywhere she turned, especially in her own neighborhood. Bethune street, with its common egress front yards and houses nearly alike, and this house, so like the others, room for room and porch for porch, and her parents, too, really like all the others (Dreiser 790). She seemed to think that the life style she was raised with is the only life style she could ever have, no matter how much she wanted to be different from everyon e. Ever since she met Arthur her whole view of life changed. He lived on the wild side of life while she lived in a bubble. Since Arthurs life style seemed to fascinate her more than her own, she dropped everything that she had going for her to be with him. Shirleys changing ways really affected her fianc Barton, especially by the way she was creep somewhat and dating both of them at the same time. Barton seemed to have a clue that she was having an affair, but she never confessed to her behavior, since she didnt want to risk losing Barton if Arthur were to leave her. She had not mentioned Barton to Arthur because-because-well, because Arthur was so much better, and somehow (She admitted it to herself now) she had not been sure that Arthur would care for her long (Dreiser 792). Her changing ways also affected her parents. They were used to the old hammer way of life where everyone lived the same public life style, so they looked rectify on Shirleys behavior, especially her mot her. After Arthur had left Shirley and Barton stopped coming around to see her, Shirley felt that she must act her position as a deserted girl was too much. She could not stand it any thirster really- the eyes of her mother, for one (Dreiser 796). Shirley had no choice but to stick with her split second choice of life, which was living the everyday way of life just as her parents had done.5) Identify and discuss what you believe to be the central symbol in To Build a Fire.The central symbol in To Build a Fire is the man that is hiking through the Yukon. He is nameless to symbolize the everyday human being and so that the reader can vision anybody they want to associate with the character. The man is also symbolic of humans in their attitudes of high quality to most things in the world, such as him thinking that he has nothing to fear from the weather and his intelligence is furthermost greater than that of nature. When an former(a) man experienced with the climate of the Yukon attempted to give the hiker advice that no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below, the hiker just ignored every bit of it completely , though it was presently seventy-five below zero (London 811-815). The hikers cockiness even goes as far as calling the older man womanish and said to himself all a man has to do was to keep his head and he was all right (London 815). Not only does the man completely ignore the older mans advice, he also ignores the signs of his own body telling him that the extreme mothy temperatures are just to much for the human body to handle. The mans big ego eventually chastens him to death since he refused to take advice from experienced residents and even hints from his dog, who attempts to lead him to his main destination. The overall main meaning of the story is that nature is the one thing on earth that no man will ever be able to change, control, or manipulate. The man is the central symbol in the story to show human kind that no mat ter how unconquerable we think we are, inevitable things do happen.

Agencies in the Criminal Justice System

Agencies in the Criminal Justice SystemThe common wind up binding the agencies of the felon legal expert system is centred upon annoyance and the sustain of crime. (Garland 2001 5-8). It piece of tail be argued that the agencies of venomous jurist including, the practice of law, the Crown Prosecution go (CPS), the philanders, the prison service and the probation service tout ensemble have separate and diaphanousive functions provided operate towards a common overarching goal crime control. (Maguire et al 2007 139-141). It is the social system and organisation of turn justice that is characterised by fragmentation, differential shares and aims amongst institutions forming parts of the poisonous justice system, coupled with the absence of a single Governmental surgical incision charged with responsibility for criminal justice policy and its implementation which accounts for a differential of functions all aimed towards the common goal of crime control. (McConville and Wilson 2002 5). It is argued by McConville and Wilson (2002) that find out what constitutes an institution of the criminal justice system in any res state-supporteda lead be complex due to the nature and operation of a system entailing great multiplicity. (Ibid). However, Sanders et al (2010) divulge that the internality agencies of the criminal justice system in England and Wales shag be identified as follows(1) The law, which piece of tail be divided farther into three distinct groupings. Firstly the topical anesthetic branches of law of nature throughout England and Wales. Secondly the national police bodies such as the Organised Crime Agency and the British Transport Police. Thirdly fussyist agency watchdogs such as the Health and Safety Executive which counselling on occurrence types of criminality.(2) The CPS which is primarily responsible for deciding whether human faces on the watch by the police should proceed to prosecution.(3) The romances which can be divided further into lower motor lodges and higher courts. The lower courts be composed of the magistrates courts where all criminal offences will start off. The higher courts are composed of the Crown Court which deal specifically with more serious forms of offences. The division between the magistrates court and the Crown Court will be by the initial sort of the offence as either being summary giving undivided jurisdiction to the magistrates court or of indict open offences giving exclusive jurisdiction to the Crown Court.(4) The Prison Service which is charged with dealings with offenders convicted and sentence to a custodial sentence. Their role deep down criminal justice is arguable dual, firstly to deprive dangerous offenders of their familiarity acting as a preventive to offenders and backly to rehabilitate offenders back to society.(5) The Probation Service which is charged with dealing with offenders culmination out of prison and their aftercare with integr ation into society. (Sanders et al 2010 2-6).In order to find out whether these agencies have both common and classifiable functions they will be discussed in detail below and the paper will then draw conclusions on their role and aims in spite of appearance criminal justice.The PolicePolicing in England and Wales is decentralised to local police forces which operate through the country in approximately 43 forces. The powers provided to the police can be characterised by the right to stop and attempt people and their property, the right to arrest a suspect, the right to detain a suspect at the police service for interrogation, the right to move in curtilage and the right to compile reports for the CPS to exit them to determine whether a case should proceed to trial. (Sanders et al 2010). The goody afforded to police officers in exercising their public duty is a characteristic of the nature of how criminal laws operate, in that discretion underpins the operation of the police officers role inwardly criminal justice. (Clarkson et al 1994 6-8). The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 ( stair) provide the main statutory role model for the operation of the police in conducting criminal investigations. The Act is supplemented with Codes of Practice which make out goods standards for policing in conducting their business of espial and investigating crime . PACE 1984 allows the police powers of stop and search, arrest, detention and the collection of consequence. The role and function of the police can be identified as the primary role in managing and dealing with crime. (Sanders 1986 303). They will be the first agency of the criminal justice system which come into contact with suspected offenders. Their role as distinct from the early(a) agencies will primarily be based around detecting and investigating crime in addition to the collection of vital order as proof of the commission of the offence. (Ibid). The common function to all early(a) agencies o f criminal justice is to manage and control crime.The Crown Prosecution ServiceOne of the CPSs roles within the criminal justice system is to exercise a public interest in determining which cases should be prosecuted through the courts. (Moody and Tombs 1982 44-52). It is the control mechanism within criminal justice to filter out cases which can be considered inappropriate to proceed to the next stage within the criminal justice system. It is the value judgements made by the CPS that allows an assessment to be made on the strength of the evidence collected by the police and the public interest in bringing the case which can be identified as being the distinctive functions of the CPS. It is therefore possible to identify that there is a linkage between the first agency of policing to the second agency of prosecuting where there is an inter-dependency for success in controlling crime. The CPS will only be able to bring cases which have compelling evidence to succeed in the prosecutio n. Therefore the distinctive role the prosecution attains within the criminal justice system is that of deciding which cases to allow proceed to court based upon the work of the police in collecting evidence.The CourtsThe courts occupy a special terrain within the criminal justice system in that they allow the facilitation of evidence to be tried and tested to a standard of beyond all reasonable doubt. (McConville 1994 228). They occupy the neutral position of being able to afford both sides equality to put their case in a bonnie and just manner. The secondary role is focused very practically on determining a case, deciding which side present the strongest arguments on the evidence. The terminal role is centred upon sentencing an offender in accordance of rights with the law and sombreness of the offence before the court where a conviction is founded on the evidence. The core function of the courts is to facilitate the presentation of evidence in a fair and balanced way, to adj udicate according to the laws of England and Wales and finally to sentence in accordance with sentencing principles. It is arguable a very special and distinctive position within criminal justice in that it allows the full operation of the law in practice in determining an offenders culpability for a charged offence. However, it is excessively possible to establish that the courts service have the common function of dealing with crime and controlling crime through its sentencing regimes.The Prison ServiceThe prison service deals exclusively with offenders convicted and sentenced to a custodial sentence. Their role within criminal justice is to facilitate a judicial decision to deprive an offenders liberty in order to fulfil the sentence of a court. The role is distinctive because it is primarily directed to controlling and managing the offenders behaviour throughout their sentence. However, it is common to the other agencies within criminal justice in that it facilitates crime cont rol and contributes to an offenders reclamation into society.The Probation ServiceThe probation service will also occupy a special position within criminal justice in that they will fail involved with offenders during sentencing at the trial stage but also when an offender is released from prison in their integration back into society. Therefore they provide the attain transition support for offenders allowing their integration back into society to live lives without crime. mop upAlthough there are other criminal justice agencies such as the Criminal Defence Service, the Criminal Cases Review Commission and the Criminal Injuries wages Authority, the focus of this paper has been primarily directed at the core agencies within criminal justice dealing with the progression of an offender through the system. It is specifiable that the very nature of the fragmentation of crime and criminal justice necessitates an range of agencies to deal with the specific nature of criminal offendi ng. Each of these agencies occupies a specific space within criminal justice in dealing with crime and in contributing to the overall control and management of crime. Further, it is clear that each(prenominal) agency has a distinctive role in that the police are the initial gatekeepers of criminal justice by deciding which cases to investigate and how they collect evidence. Similarly the prosecution have a specific role in deciding to prosecute and executing a prosecution. The courts also occupy a special function of delivering justice and facilitating a trial of an offender. It is clear that all of the agencies of the criminal justice have very specific roles and functions which serve particular goals and aims of criminal justice at particular points when dealing with offenders. Each role contributes to the overall aim of managing and controlling crime in society. In final conclusion it can be argued that each agency within criminal justice have distinctive but yet common goals w ithin the criminal justice system.

Pompidou Centre Design Concepts

Pompidou contract Design ConceptsThis rise looks at the Pompidou nerve c figure of Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, in damage of how its social function can be understood as a product of its heathenish, social, governmental and frugal context, including a discussion of the influences and relativeship between the philosophical ideas underpinning the apparent motion and the resulting mental synthesis. The essay first provides a outline overview of the Pompidou revolve intimatelys level and the architecture of the Pompidou totality and its external musculus quadriceps femoriss (recognising that the Pompidou nerve center is more than simply the racy Tech social system it is likewise composed of its plazas and external pedestrianised plazas). The essay and so moves on to discuss the philosophy layabout the Pompidou midriff, in terms of the crosswalk of the philosophy for the building and the resulting object for the building. The essay then discusses how the goa l of the Pompidou mall can be understood as a product of its heathen, social, governmental and economic context, and ends with a brief conclusion.The Pompidou Centre was the result of an architecture contestation aimed at producing an architectural and urban complex to mark our century (Bachman, 2003). Bachman (2003) identifies the Pompidou Centre as belonging to the high-tech style, due to its construction, namely its revea take mental synthesiss, its exposed ducts and the sharp, inside(a) out, industrial aesthetics of the undefiled structure. As Bachman (2003) argues, the process of revealing unremarkably internalised naval divisions of much(prenominal) a structure led to the re-thinking of these sections, in terms of their workings, their persona and the styluss in which they are organised and work in concert with each other. This led, implicitly, to a re-thinking of the idea of a cultural place and ideas about what a cultural space should be apply for, and who it s hould be use upd by (Thompson and Bell, 2007). The Pompidou Centre was novel in some a(prenominal) a(prenominal) ways, not simply in its design, but in addition in the ways in which the hearty space was designed to be user-friendly, to attract a innovation of several(predicate) users to the space for twofold purposes (Bachman, 2003). The structure, and its rings, were also entirely novel, with the building essenti exclusivelyy organism turned inside out, with long facades that could act as information surfaces and a plaza that was designed to act as a meeting compass point for the various visitors the Centre would attract.Casati (2007), interviewing Richard Rogers, discusses the idea of the Pompidou Centre stemming from the idea of uniting machinery with a cultural reduce, which essenti each(prenominal)y means the idea of containing the cultural aspects of the centre in an innovative way, to book eightfold users to use the space in many contrastive ways. As Richard Ro gers says in this interview, .we very quickly make outd.a hold not only for a museum but also for a short letter for plenty in this area to do other things a luff to go on Sunday morning with children, with dogs, with girlfriends, or to go to all manner of activities not specifically stated in the programme. It became some(prenominal)thing in which twain culturally oriented hoi polloi and the everyday could participate. (Casati, 2007). On this understanding, then, it becomes clear that the multi- moldality of the space was a basic design concept, a basic philosophy, for the design of the Centre, and, as Rogers says, I have always dreamed of this piazza becoming the Parisian Hyde Park Corner (Casati, 2007).From this interview with Rogers, it becomes apparent, therefore, that the space around, and including, the Pompidou Centre, should be a public space, drawing people in from the community and wider afield, not only for cultural evets and happenings, but also to come toget her to enjoy the space, for itself, as a place to come together or to simply enjoy some alone time, enjoying the space created. Indeed, with the construction of the Pompidou Centre, Rogers and Piano managed to pedestrianise a large section of this part of Paris, ensuring that people could use the space around the building for exactly this objective, in order that there be a physical space where there would be no traffic, noise or danger, that would be able to pedestrian activities or to leisure activities. (Casati, 2007). As Rogers explains, The centre neededa surface of contact with the rest of the metropolis. (Casati, 2007). This external space, the plazas border the substantial structure, were thus fundamentally important to Rogers and Piano, as an integral part of their design, to accomplish the vision they had of the Pompidou Centre as being a space for people to interact with in the manner in which they wished to interact with it.As Rogers also notes in his interview with Casati, the word which most stood out on the brief was informationthat (the Pompidou Centre) should be a building for information, coating and frolic. (Casati, 2007). part of the design of the building adapt to this brief, in terms of the long facades, for example, which allow information to be displayed. Parts of the overall design also conform to this overarching design ideal, in that the plazas and pedestrianised spaces surrounding the actual structure also became regenerated future(a) the beginning of the Pompidou Centre bookshops opened around the plazas, and informational and cultural events began to spring up in the plazas, from the wider city, in terms of impromptu circus events, markets and concerts, for example, all of which functiond the function of inviting a wider audience to the Pompidou Centre as a whole. Rogers and Pianos overarching philosophy for the design of their Pompidou Centre, the need to create a space for triune activities, for multiple users, was therefore realised finished their careful design of not only the structure they designed, but also via the structures surroundings. As Rogers states, in his interview with Casati, if nothing else, the building will be a surface of contact with a non-specialised public, with the public at large. People love how to read it instantly. Its entrails are on the outside. (Casati, 2007).This idea of the structure being turned inside out was obviously, therefore, a major philosophical starting point for the design for Rogers and Piano who were concerned, as has been seen, with designing a space that could be used by many contrary types of users, for many purposes, not only for cultural events under this concept, therefore, it was important that the actual structure itself not be forbidding, not be off putting to all visitors that might pass by it. This idea, of opening up dialogue with culture, to people who may not normally have been open to culture, or who may have thought that culture was not open to them, was facilitated by opening up the building, by turning it inside out, as a way of saying, Here I am, I am exposed, you can see what I am, I am not forbidding, I am open and, by this, taking the intimidation out of visiting a cultural space. The surrounding plazas and pedestrianised areas facilitate this open invitation to visit the spaces inwardly the structure, inviting visitors in, enticing them to pass by means of the doors in to the Pompidou Centre itself.As Levy (2007) states, Rogers and Pianos design was chosen for its simplicity, a work of high-tech modernity, that would, by means of its steel, glass and sway work, open up a pedestrianised space in the heart of the city of Paris, allowing visitors from all walks of life, and all persuasions, to partake of its volunteerings how, and when, they wished to do so. The great succeeder of the design of the external spaces, and the construction itself, is precisely that. Its simplicity allows people to f eel comfortable within its spaces and to explore themselves in relation to their surroundings in a way that was extremely novel at that time in the history of architecture. The structure itself, a giant enveloped space, with its entrails on show, is simple in the context that has been discussed, that it reveals itself to newcomers on first contact, and, through this, presents visitors and users with a simple task to feel welcome enough to approach, to enter and to use the space in the ways in which they wish to use the space. The greatness of the Pompidou Centre design is this simplification, this opening up of cultural spaces for the visitors, reservation the spaces a function of the visitors, and not vice versa. The guiding philosophy of this find was opening, welcoming, of providing spaces for information sharing and retrieval and for exchanges of all kinds, cultural and otherwise. In this sense, the Pompidou Centre is a resounding success, given the uses to which the spaces w ithin the structure, the plazas and the pedestrianised areas are put, by many and varied visitors.As Proto (2005) argues, the great vision of Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano was to realise the need for an information centre, for a centre that would facilitate many different types of exchanges. As Proto states, ..the hyper-objectification of its form and the consequent transparency of its confine ledto a new type of architectural fruition that in which the ideological perception of the building exceeded the real possibilities suggested by its hyper-flexibility. (Proto, 2005). The Pompidou Centre not only invites, facilitates, different kinds of exchanges, and multiple exchanges, but also allows for self-empowerment through self-learning via these exchanges, such as inter-personal interactions, and interactions with culture and with ones surroundings, for example (Proto, 2005). In this sense, again, the Pompidou Centre was visionary in terms of creating a physical space designed to en able these interactions, these exchanges. As Stephen (2001) notes, Rogers and Renzos idea, and the realisation of this idea was also visionary in terms of the realisation that museums, cultural spaces, have to serve a leisure function, in terms of benefiting the wider public through the supplying of leisure opportunities (Stephen, 2001). The Pompidou Centre, through its many different spaces, designed for different ends, allows users to authorise their leisure time in and around the Centre, very comfortably, something that, in 1977, when the Centre was designed and built, was forward-looking, to say the least.In terms of the Pompidou Centres design being understood as a product of its cultural, social, political and economic context, as has been seen, the building, and its surroundings, were very much intended to become a corporate enabling space, through which visitors could interact with their surroundings in novel ways, initiating, order and thus controlling their possess ex perience whilst in the Pompidou Centre. The approach of visitors to the culture presented at the Pompidou Centre was this very different to how culture was, and is, presented at many other cultural centres and museums. Socially, as has been seen, the ethos of the Pompidou Centre was to bring together a wide variety of visitors, from many different backgrounds, and experiences, for many different purposes, from partaking in the cultural events on offer to enjoying the open spaces around the structure. Socially, therefore, the philosophy behind the design of the Pompidou Centre was to unite previously often socially separated visitors, through its welcoming, inside out, structure and through the offering of many different recreational spaces, in which visitors are pardon to choose, and direct, their own visitor experiences.The Pompidou Centre space attracts not only visitors one would normally associate with cultural attractions, but also visitors who would not normally visit museum s and other such sites (Thompson and Bell, 2007) on this basis, then, the design, and its intentions, have been entirely happy, allowing for multiple visitors, undertaking multiple activities, within the umbrella of the Pompidou Centre spaces (both internal and external). Under this view, as Rogers argued (Casati, 2007), the Pompidou Centre does so act as a Parisian Hyde Park Corner, a place in which people can air their views, express their desires for their free time and enhance their lives through multiple exchanges. Politically and economically, the Pompidou Centre, has, as has been seen, led to a large amount of redevelopment and regeneration in the surrounding areas of Paris. The plazas and other external spaces have been filled with complimentary shops, stores and cultural/entertainment activities (circuses, for example), leading to a general regeneration of the area surrounding the centre.This essay has looked at the Pompidou Centre of Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, in te rms of how its design can be understood as a product of its cultural, social, political and economic context. This compend included a discussion of the influences and relationship between the philosophical ideas underpinning the work and the resulting building. As has been seen throughout the essay, the whole concept of Rogers and Piano was to use the entire space they had been given in order to create a variety of spaces in which multiple users could interact in multiple ways, with the spaces and with each other. philosophically the main driving force behind the Pompidou Centre seems to have been to offer culture to the peckes, to enable interaction with culture, in a novel way, in such a way that this offering would be embraced, by multiple users, in a myriad of different ways. This aim seems to have been achieved, and even surpassed, in terms of how visitors use the spaces within the Pompidou Centre and in terms of the sheer numbers of visitors to the Centre.Adapting the High Tech style to a cultural centre elicited novel design features, such as the use of the inside out design, which, in turn, enabled the philosophical aim of the Centre to be enacted the walls of the structure have everything on display, nothing is hidden, welcoming visitors through its frankness and openness. The design is the Centres genius, the key to the realisation of its governing philosophy. As has been seen, the sheer number of visitors, who use the Pompidou Centre and its external spaces in multiple ways, is the proof of the validity, and success, of the philosophical underpinning of the project. Not everyone likes the Pompidou Centre, and politically it has been greatly debated, but, as an architectural project, it wholly met its brief and has surpassed expectations in terms of user satisfaction.In conclusion, with the Pomipdou Centre, Rogers and Piano, who at the time were relatively unknown architects, showed how an unused section of a city can be regenerated, and opened u p to a mass of users who previously would not have considered using a cultural centre. It is, through its High Tech design, as Proto (2005) argues, a successful exercise in showing how visitors can be enabled to direct their own self-learning, through multiple, previously unexpected, and un-hoped for, exchanges. Rogers vision for the Pompidou Centre as a building for information, culture and entertainment (Casati, 2007) has been realised, and its aims and hopes surpassed in this sector of Paris.Bachman, L.R. (2002). Systematic Centre Pompidou. In Integrated Buildings The Systems Basis of computer architecture. John Wiley. This extract is also available from Architecture Week, via Accessed 6th July 2008.Casati, C. (2007). The Parisian Hyde Park Corner. The guardian Tuesday October 9th, 2007.Kron, J. and Slesin, S. (1997). High Tech The industrial Style and Source Book for the Home.Levy, B-H. (2007). A monument of audacity and modernity. The Guardian Tuesday October 9th 2007.Proto, F . (2005). The Pompidou Centre or the hidden kernel of dematerialisation. The Journal of Architecture 10(5), 573-589.Stephen, A. (2001). The coetaneous museum and leisure recreation as a museum function. Museum Management and Curatorship 19(3), 297-308.Thompson, H. and Bell, J. (2007). The Pompidou Centre. The Guardian Tuesday October 9th 2007.

Essay --

Immanuel Kant addresses a question often asked in political theory the relationship amid practical political behavior and piety -- how people do behave in authorities and how they ought to behave. Observers of political treat recognize that political natural process is often a morally indefinite business. Yet many of us, whether involved heavily in political action or not, have a sense that political behavior could and should be better than this. In Appendix 1 of Perpetual Peace, Kant explicates that conflict does not exist between government and faith, because politics is an application of pietism. Objectively, he argues that morality and politics are reconcilable. In this essay, I will argue 2 potential problems with Kants position on the compatibility of moral and politics his defense force of moral importance in emotion and particular situations when an action seems twain politically legitimate and yet almost immoral if by politics, regarded as a set of principles of political prudence, and morals, as a system of laws that bind us unconditionally. In Perpetual Peace, Kant writes, all politics must bend the knee before right (Kant, PP pg. 125). He claims that morals, in the sense of the doctrine of right, should adopt more significance in political decisions, or even be the predominant consideration. To emphasize the lack of between morals and politics, Kant cites Matthew 1016 Be ye wise as serpents, and atoxic as doves (Kant, PP pg.116). Wisdom is not sufficient if it is not conducted towards a arranged purpose with an application towards morality. Kant considers the wisdom of the serpent to be used for the onward motion of morality. Not only should politics be congruent with morals, still as well as properly conceived poli... ...metimes it is the mechanisms that keep the political wheels in motion. If politics were absolutely submissive to morality and honesty, it would seem not only rather unrealistic but also undesirable. In the face of this problem, a challenge for Kant would be to patronage the practicality and intuitive desirability of honesty is better than any policy. Kants claim in Perpetual Peace supplies an inspiring vision of a just, peaceful and flourishing cosmopolitan world. It is true that morality and justice demand truthfulness, civil obedience and a full suite of basic rights and liberties however, because tender-hearted nature and emotion subsists of more than duty to moral law and on that point exists circumstances that demand lying, civil disobedience such as revolutions and the short-lived restriction of rights and liberties, there does exist a conflict between morality and politics.

Short Story/film Analysis :: essays research papers

Short trading floor/Film AnalysisAric McDonaldShort Story/Short FilmComm. 411-351130-1245Spring 1997The three roughly oblivious stories are similar because they all involve jealousy. Thistype of jealousy surrounds the principal(prenominal) characters who are envious of theachievements or the attention that other man receives. The head start story isabout an old man who is taking his wife on a atomic number 42 honeymoon when sheencounters an old suitor, creating jealousy for the husband. In the sstory, the jealousy surrounds Smurch who is envious of Charles Lindberghs fameand accolades. The jealousy in the final story is the invidia of the attentionthat any man with fame can receive from a woman. separately persons own insecurityallows envy to control their actions and creates trouble in their lives. Thethree stories all have jealousy, in some it is more clear than others. green-eyed monsterlead two of the characters to make a fool of themselves, and it cost a nonhercharac ter his life. In the first story, Charley took his wife Lucy on a secondhoneymoon, or Golden Honeymoon, as it is titled. While they are in St.Petersburg Fla., fret was at the doctors office and began a conversation witha lady, only to instruct that she is Mrs. Frank M. Hartsell, Lucys ex-fiancee.This made Charley uncomfortable because he had rivaled Frank for Lucys hand inmarriage. A story that began as a second honeymoon for Lucy and Charley, becamea jealous contest among two men. This reminds me of the movie, Grumpy Old Men,because of the unsanctioned mini contests that the two men have with each other.Comparing the moving-picture show and the leger, they were very similar except the sequence ofevents were different. In the story, The Greatest humankind In The World, Smurch wasjealous of the fame and accolades of Charles Lindbergh. Only some members ofcongress, the President, and the press knew this information. They felt itwould be a disgrace to the United States if it was known to the public that thisworld adept was a man with poor upbringing ,bad manners, and seen as a hooligan.Smurch was not willing to change these traits, so the few officials that knewabout them, pushed him out the windowpane saying that he fell on accident. Thebook and movie had some discrepancies. One was the fuel tanks. In the film,Smurch dropped the tanks almost on top of his crowd, opus in the book, he didnot drop them at that site. Another contarst between them was after the landing.In the film Smurch was carried off the plane, while in the book he was carried

Java and JavaScript :: essays research papers

java and JavaScript are languages that evolved because of the meshwork. From the evolution of master(prenominal)frames, to stand-al champion PCs, to ne cardinalrked communication, and lastly to the meshwork, one thing has been a constant, different languages evolved based on a need. For these two languages, the Internet was a perfect fit, and with protrude them the Internet would be a little dynamic and vibrant highway. As the Internet grew, more and more the great unwashed found it a more viable place to do business. With that came a need for languages that were fairly easy to learn, dynamic, secure, portable, and maintainable. The industry answered that call with languages such as Java and JavaScript.This paper will perform an analysis of both Java and JavaScript. In order for the reader to gain a better intelligence of these languages, the history of these languages with overviews will be presented along with a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks.The muniment of JavaI n the middle of May 1995 Java was introduced into the world, and along with Netscape it would be the new way for Internet users to access this new information superhighway. provided before it got to this point, Java technology was developed almost by accident. foul in 1991, Sun Microsystems was looking into the hereafter day in anticipation of the future of computing, and they tasked a group that became know as the Green Project. Their main focus was to come up with a plan for the future of computing, tho what they came out with was something quite unexpected.Under the guidance of James Gosling, a team was locked away in an external site to work on the toil that would define Suns technology direction for the future. Their conclusions pointed toward a future that had computers and digitally controlled devices converging. What they came out with was a language called Oak, named for the type of guide outside their office window. After failed attempts at selling the technology t o the phone line industry, the team convened again to determine the future of this new language.With the realization that the Internet was becoming a good way to move media content, the team took that to heart. What they came out with was a language that would use existing the HTML language, and what it did was revolutionize the Internet, and annex its use dramatically. In 1993, after an easy-to-use front-end to the web called Mosaic showed many that the Internet had many possibilities, the team knew that Java was the right fit for the Industry.

Lilys Choice in The House of Mirth Essay -- House Mirth Essays

Lilys Choice in The dramaturgy of pleasure Near the beginning of The House of Mirth, Wharton establishes t get into Lily would non indeed have cared to attach a man who was merely rich she was secretly ashamed of her m another(prenominal)s blunt passion for notes (38). Lily, like the affluent world she loves, has a unnamed relationship with money. She needs money to buy the type of life she has been raised(a) to live, and her relative poverty depicts her situation precarious. Unfortunately, Lily has not been trained to obtain money through a wide variety of methods. Whartons wealthy socialites do not all procure money in the same way money can be inherited, earned working in a hat shop, won at cards, traded scandalously between married men and divorced women, or speculated for in the stock market. For Lily, the world of monetary transactions presents impressive difficulties she was born, in a sense, to marry into money, and she cannot seem to come to it any o ther way. She is incapable of mastering the world of economic transactions, to the point that a go exchange is repulsive to her highly specialized nature. Finally, these exchanges and the obstacles they present prove to be the end of her, and Whartons text joins naturalisms Darwinian rules to an economic world. Whether Lilys death is accidental or a suicide does not really matter in Whartons vision, because the pick facing Lily at the end of the novel--to make a transaction or to make a transaction--necessitates her death. Near the end of the novel, Whartons protagonist must make a choice--but both options are part of the environment in which Lily has not evolved to survive. In Lilys attempt at wage-earning and her moral dilemma regarding Rosedales marria... ...1975. Lyde, Marilyn Jones. Edith Wharton, figure and Morality in the Work of a Novelist. Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1959. Miller, Mandy. Edith Wharton Page. 19 Nov. 2002 <http//www.Kutztown.edu/fac ulty/Reagan.Wharton.html>. Pizer, Donald. The Naturalism of Edith Whartons The House of Mirth. Twentieth Century Literature 41.2 (1995) 241-8. Rehak, Melanie. Rev. of The House of Mirth, by Edith Wharton. Amazon.com 28 Oct. 2002 <http//www.amazon.com/execs/obidos/ASIN/055321320/hallbook/>. Ruschmann, Paul. Climbing the Social Ladder...In the Wrong Direction. Rev. of The House of Mirth, by Edith Wharton. Epinions.com 28 Oct. 2002 <http//www.epinions.com/./book-review-6AF6-7A25B6D-39DA>. Wharton, Edith. The House of Mirth. (1905) New York Signet,. 1998.

The Struggle for National Identity in the Countries of Latin America Es

Following an independency revolution a state of matter tends to proceed into a period where they attend independence and can function on their own with their own identity. They watch to respect the rights of its citizens, provide national security, instill a sense of patriotism, and receive to handle economic endeavors in a way to benefit the nation as a whole. After their revolutions for independence, the countries of Latin the States did non get many of these milestones. The countries of did not show any signs of becoming anything close to commutative after their revolutions. They allowed Great Britain and the U.S. to come in and dictate their economic radix by exploiting the stack and allowing only a few individuals to enjoy wealth. This in return led to brutal political dictators, a large weigh of landless farm workers, a low literacy rate, and worker repression. Latin America is a rich land with poor people as its inhabitants because leaders of each country hav e failed to recognize how to effectively create an free lance nation. After most of the Latin American countries achieved independence from Spain in the belatedly 19th century the issue of what type of government the countries would adopt and who would finagle them arose. Many wanted to maintain the Spanish American tradition of a monarch ruling while others were intrigued by the teachings and doctrines of the Enlightenment and admirers of the American victor and wanted to start fresh as a republic. The federalist and centralist factions became reorient with two main political currents that dominated Latin American political science during the nineteenth century liberalism and conservatism. Generally, liberals viewed the united States as a model whereas, conservatives ... ...ndividuals in power were too selfish to worry about the nation as a whole. Their only concerns were to make themselves as rich as possible regardless of the well-being of others. In a sense, Latin Amer ica is not detached from Spain. The core of Colonial Spanish America was to exploit the masses and to restrict power and wealth amongst the elite. This notion has been prevalent throughout Latin American History. Until Latin American countries can break away from maturation and the involvement of foreign powers in their economy they will never be able to ha-. The United States partook a large role in the omit of progessiveness in Latin American following the nineteenth century. Anything that challenged business interests of the United States in Latin America led to a radical reaction by the United States. These radical reactions put fear into many citizens.

The HIV & AIDS Virus :: HIV, AIDS, Health

Citations support.org - news, treatment training, and new(prenominal) resources.www. help.org/ HIV and AIDS Activities - information from the FDA Office of Special Health Issues.www.fda.gov/oashi/aids/hiv.html Specialized Information Services headquarters Page - US case Library ... - ... Library of Medicine (NLM) is responsible for information resources and services in toxicology, environmental health, chemistry, HIV/AIDS, and specialized ... www.sis.nlm.nih.govCDC-NCHSTP-Divisions of HIV/AIDS ginmill (DHAP) Home Page - ... CDC - Divisions of HIV / AIDS Prevention Home Page logo HIV / AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention. ... www.cdc.gov/hiv/dhap.htm AIDSinfo - federally approved information on AIDS research, clinical trials, and treatment from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Created by merging the AIDS Clinical Trials Information Service (ACTIS) and the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS).ww w.hivatis.org/ HIV InSite - comprehensive and reliable information on HIV/AIDS treatment, policy, research, epidemiology, and prevention from the University of California, San Francisco.hivinsite.ucsf.edu/ HIV & AIDS virusAIDS - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - was first reported in the United States in 1981 and has since experience a major worldwide epidemic. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By killing or damaging cells of the bodys immune system, HIV more and more destroys the bodys ability to fight infections and certain cancers. People diagnosed with AIDS may frig around life-threatening diseases called opportunistic infections, which are caused by microbes such as viruses or bacteria that usually do not make healthy hatful sick. More than 790,000 cases of AIDS have been reported in the United States since 1981, and as many as 900,000 Americans may be infected with HIV. This epidemic is increase more rapidly among minority populations and is a leading killer of Afro-American males ages 25 to 44. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), AIDS affects some seven times more African Americans and three times more Hispanics than whites.Transmission of HIVHaving unprotected sex with an infected partner close to commonly spreads HIV. The virus can enter the body finished the cladding of the vagina, vulva, penis, or mouth during sex. HIV also is spread through penetrate with infected blood. Before donated blood was screened for evidence of HIV infection and beforehand erupt-treating techniques to destroy HIV in blood products were introduced. HIV was transmitted through transfusions having the contaminated blood or blood components. Today, because of blood screening and heat treatment, the risk of getting HIV from such transfusions is extremely small.

College Admissions Essay: My Father Died a Drunk :: College Admissions Essays

My Father Died a Drunk At 4, I came to the breakfast gameboard and saw that my father had a horribly swollen eye and stick-on tape forming a shell on his nose. I didnt tell apart that he got those injuries in a barroom fight I only know that I was deeply frightened and sorry that my father was hurt. This was the first of galore(postnominal) bad memories. At 6, I awakened to the sound of a fiery argument between my father and incur. I didnt know the reason for the rowing I just wanted the shouting, cursing and threats to stop. I could even adjudicate them when buried under the pillows and blankets on my bed. My father had lost his job because of his drinking. At 10, I never knew whether my father would be sober, reasonable, even pleasant - or drunk, argumentative and abusive. On one February day with four inches of snow on the ground and a freezing rain falling, I was cracking domicile from my cousins house in the early evening and saw my father manufacturing on the sogg y, snow-covered sidewalk. I didnt know what my father would do if I roused him, and I was afraid to find out. Perhaps, subconsciously, I hoped my father wouldnt waken at all. I continued on, did nothing, said nothing. This I will remember with depravity for the rest of my life. At 13, I came to hate Thursday because it was payday and I had to walk up to the shop where my father worked as a janitor, get the paycheck and take it to my mother so that it would not be spent on drink. I sensed this was demeaning to my father and I felt embarrassed. At 15, I was at the YMCA one Saturday when my father stopped by. He was drunk. He tried to play a game of pool with me and ripped the table cover with his cue stick. Many of my friends were watching. I didnt return to the Y for a month. At 16, the high school crowd I ran with had a political party distributively month at a different house. How could I have that party when I never knew what condition my father would be in? Fortunately, my mother solved the problem by inviting my father out to dinner and a movie, leaving my older sister as a chaperone.

School Days are the Happiest Days of your Life? :: Creative Writing Examples

School Days are the Happiest Days of your life-time?When I was given this assignment, my initial reaction was this iseasy Half an hours writing- cookery complete. Fifteen minutes laterI find that it is incredibly surd to sort out the jumble ofthoughts, memories and feelings, that are fighting each former(a) in therace to be the first to blot this pristine discolor page.(melodramatic,but true)I suppose I could take the easy musical mode out, and write that looking backmy schooldays days were happy, carefree days. The solarise always shone. I hadno real worries. Friends were plentiful and life was whole about, fun,fun, fun. Well I could, but that would entail not being on the wholehonest. I mean, certainly a not immodest percentage of school,(compared with life today) was carefree but by no means all of it. Myover-riding recollections of school are the memories of never soonerfitting in the never quite making it into the in crowd. Not that Iwanted in, you understand. I wanted to be different (not anotherlemming) just not so different that I stood out.I blame my mother for that mentality for she drummed it into us all.If I radius the usual refrain, but all my friends are her responsewas always. if your friend stuck her clear in the fire- would you doit too? Well the answer to that was no, and when you said so, florists chrysanthe mammary glandwould smile and maintain, of course not love, you have your own mind.Youre not a lemming dont be afraid to be different. I was leftfeeling purple of myself for being different, but oh God, I stillwanted that denim jacket, or those Adidas trainers, or to stay out forthat extra half an hour or the myriad of other things that wouldhave enabled me to fit in. Money was always implike when I was atschool. With four kids to buy for - I feel mum used the lemming storyno us, just so she wouldnt have to say I cant afford it. Atschool, every deficit, both real and imagined amongst you and the incrowd made you insecure. I t could be your haircut, shoes or even justthe fig of pleats our gym skirt had. (Mine had none.) Plain skirtswere cheaper.Positive Body Image, or omit of it in my case, was a major problem. Iwent through school convinced that I was fat and ugly. Fat? I wasonly 81/2 stones I would kill to be that weight again - and as for my

Emma Bovary - searching for oranges on apple trees? :: essays research papers

To state that Emma Bovary, the heroine of Flauberts epic Madame Bovary, looks for oranges on apple trees and refuses to devour apples is a gross over-simplification. Emma would be no happier with oranges than she would be with apples. In fact, if her discretion in fruit is anything like her taste in men, she would probably assert on a fruit with all of her desired qualities - perhaps a cross between the consistency of an apple, the fibre of an orange, the vitamins of a blackcurrant and the taste of a strawberry. In saying this, however, the statement is entirely accurate in that Emma is clear-cut for the wrong things in the wrong places and is bitterly disappointed in not finding them as she desires.To analyse Emma Bovary is a difficult assignment, due to the in truth complex and often contradictory nature of her character, and the some(prenominal) opposing vital theories that have been written since her death over 150 years ago. Flauberts determination to remain outside of hi s book and to assume the role of a manipulator of marionettes adds to this sense of mystery surrounding Emma Bovary, who is essentially a rugged young woman, trapped in a stifling society who tries so desperately to be something she is not. She is a woman so fixated on creating the intent she dreams of that she eventually self-destructs, a broken and dejected victim.Before discussing in incident the various elements of her personality, it is necessary to highlight the social position she is involuntarily determined in. This will in turn give rise to, and in many cases explanation for, the way in which she responds to various events in her deportment, and therein revealing her true colours.Emma is born a woman in France during the early nineteenth Century, and as such(prenominal) is doomed from the start to be a victim of the misogynistic bourgeoisie. As was the case for all women at the time, Emma was completely reliant on Charles to provide the quality of life she desired a nd indeed her very indistinguishability as she was not in a position that she could exercise such control herself. In marrying Charles, she ceased to exist as Mademoiselle Emma Rouault, and simply became Madame Charles Bovary, the come tos wife. Emma realised that she had blown her only chance to pursue the life she felt she deserved. Pourquoi, mon Dieu me suis-je marie?

Jews Demand Holocaust Reparations :: essays research papers

American Dissident Voices Broadcast of April 7, 2001As Ye Sow . . . .By Dr. William pierceHello First, I want to admit to an error I make in last weeks broadcast. Iattributed to the circus impresario P.T. Barnum the educational activity that noone ever lost a nickel by underestimating the lore of theAmerican public. At least two alert listeners have since pointed come to the fore tome that the statement actually was made by the journalist and writerH.L. Mencken. The statement for which P.T. Barnum should be rememberedis that a sucker is born every minute. Last week we talked about the rewards of increasing "diversity" inAmerica. The primary reward is the harvest-time in alienation as youngAmericans fail to develop a healthy sense of racial identity and fail tofind o.k. role models. Diversity goes up, and homogeneitysimultaneously goes down. And as homogeneity goes, so goes theindividuals sense of community, of belonging, of identity. And we also talked about many of t he side benefits of diversity arisesuicide rates, a greatly increased incidence of neuroses andpsychopathologies, more schoolyard shootings, a growing pregnancy rateamong unwed White teenagers, the confusion and way out of values, loweredacademic standards, the trashing of the history and literature curriculain our universities, and a add of other consequences of the diversitybeing visited upon us by the government and the Jewish media.And America is not the only nation ruined by the diversity-mongers. Ifyouve been gainful attention to the news of whats happening in theBalkans, you will have observe that the bloodshed and misery begun thereby the determination of Madeleine Albright and the Clinton government to break up multiculturalism down the throats of the Serbs is still spreading.The killing going on in Macedonia without delay is a direct consequence of theClinton governments bombing of Belgrade in set up to force the Serbs toaccept the multiculturalization of Serbias Ko sovo province. If youremember, the excuse given by Madeleine Albright and her kosher ring wasthat the wicked Serbs were mistreating the Albanian minority in Kosovo,who merely cherished to brood in multicultural bliss with the Serbs. Well, of course, the Albanians wanted no such thing. They wanted exactlywhat the Serbs wanted namely to have Kosovo all to themselves. So assoon as Madeleines hired gunmen shifted the balance of power in Kosovoand strained the Serb army out, the Albanians, instead of hugging theirSerb neighbors began killing and terrorizing them. The Serbs fled fortheir lives, and now the Albanians run Kosovo, provided for a few all-Serb