Role Of Multiple Sclerosis Nurse Health And Social Care Essay

Within this assignment the followers will be covered, a description of multiple induration along with the assorted diagnosed types. The statistics of multiple induration will be given, every bit good as who are most at hazard. The many functions the multiple induration nurse specializer provides including, back uping those freshly diagnosed to accept they have multiple induration, managing symptoms, advice on life style and working life, instruction and instruction. The nurse specializer ‘s function in disease modifying therapy will be discussed, with treatment given to concordance with prescribed medicines. Evidence will be given to back up why the multiple induration nurse specializer is required and the importance of the function in footings of diagnosing, probes and intervention. The principle behind this chosen subject is to place if the multiple induration nurse specializer improves attention for patients with multiple induration ( Forbes et al 2006 ) . Besides does the multiple induration nurse specializer adjutant in advancing harmony with medicine and intervention programs ( Shaw & A ; McMillan 2008 ) . Multiple Sclerosis ( MS ) is a chronic status that affects the cardinal nervous system ( CNS ) . The medulla covering the nervousnesss of the CNS is damaged doing the tissues to be attacked by the immune system, in belief that a foreign organic structure has invaded the country involved ( MS Society 2010 ) . The consequence of the harm of the tissues is recognised through slower reactions from the signals of the encephalon to the organic structure, which can ensue in jobs with motion, address, weariness, vision, co-ordination to call but a few ( Burgess 2010 ) . There are three more common types of diagnosed MS which are, Get worsing Remitting, Secondary Progressive and Primary Progressive. On first diagnosing of MS it may be hard to lucubrate what type of MS the person is diagnosed with due to changing clip in backslidings from individual to individual ( Ms Trust 2010 ) . Get worsing remitting MS is more common in footings of diagnosing with over two tierces of those diagnosed with MS being categorised under this type ( Leary et al 2005 ) . With get worsing remitting MS an person may see backslidings in the part of one or two per twelvemonth. Full recovery periods in between onslaughts may be noticeable, although single ‘s symptoms may deteriorate due to the badness of the backsliding. Secondary imperfect is associated with less frequent backsliding but disablement with MS additions. Over half of those diagnosed with backsliding remitting ab initio, will be diagnosed with secondary imperfect within 10 old ages of initial diagnosing ( Leary et al 2005 ) Primary imperfect can be unfortunate with those diagnosed, unlike backsliding remitting and secondary imperfect there is no remittal periods, around 10 per centum of those diagnosed with this type of MS experience symptoms from the oncoming ( MS Society 2010 ) In 2008 MS statistics showed that over 85,000 of the population in the United Kingdom where diagnosed with MS, ( MS Trust 2008 ) . On the 10 April of this twelvemonth the MS trust ( 2010 ) republished figures demoing that figures have increased to 100,000, about 20 % addition within 2 old ages. Diagnosis age is normally between 20 and 40 and adult females are more likely campaigners to be diagnosed, there is no account for this, nevertheless the statistics are greater in Scotland, this is said to be due to the environment but research into this is ongoing ( MS Trust 2008 ) . In 2005 a survey was carried out by Forbes et Al ( 2006 ) . This survey evaluated the programme of the nurse specializer function, and aimed to place if the MS specializer function improved attention provided. The paper concludes that the specializer nurse continuance to care was evidentiary. There was argument over betterments with jobs with disease, and the betterment in quality of life with MS due to the specializer nurse. This may hold been true in footings of jobs with disease prior to 1993 when there was no available interventions, symptoms may hold been managed with steroids ( Shaw & A ; McMillan 2008 ) . Although Forbes et Al ( 2006 ) supports the function of the MS nurse specializer and the benefits to those who have MS to hold a nurse who is dedicated in this field, Forbes et Al ( 2006 ) believed that the Nurse specializer function in Ms may profit to be more research based. This is disagreed with Embrey and Lowndes ( 2007 ) who shows grounds of the many roles the nurse spe cializer dramas, including the nurse led clinics provided by the nurse specializers who aid with symptom control provides information and support for those who are freshly diagnosed or get downing interventions such as disease modifying therapy. Care needs for MS patient ‘s can be differential from patient to patient, this depends non merely how long diagnosing has been, but how persons deal with the diagnosing. The persons apprehension of the status and how their lives may be affected professionally and personally at different phases of there lives ( Malcomson et al 2008 ) . The nurse specializer can be a anchor for these patients understanding single attention demands, supplying information on how to cover with state of affairss that occur and supplying other signifiers of information and support services if and when required ( Burgess 2010 ) . Over the old ages intervention for MS has developed leting persons to pull off the status more successfully. The nurse specializer plays a large portion in reding, and back uping the person ‘s pick on chosen intervention if required ( Burgess 2010 ) . For get worsing remitting MS and those who have had two or more onslaughts over the twelvemonth Disease Modifying Therapy ( DMT ) may be a pick of intervention ( Shaw & A ; McMillan 2008 ) . However harmony with DMT can be an issue and the manner the nurse specializer uses her cognition and expertness may play a portion in the patients go oning the planned intervention programme ( Shaw & A ; McMillan 2008 ) . A survey by Shaw & A ; McMillan ( 2008 ) evaluated harmony with MS prescribed medicines ; grounds showed that 20 five per centum ne'er followed the planned government when on DMT intervention. This may hold been for assorted grounds including timing of injection, side effects or injection techniques. The biggest ground may be that an apprehension that DMT does non work from oncoming. The intervention takes clip to work patients must be made cognizant of the procedures involved in DMT. This can be clip devouring for the Ms nurse specializer but in their dedicated function nurse will to the full measure whether the single patient is able to understand that benefits out manner the backslidings and the progressive disablement that MS may hold ( Gutteridge 2006 ) .

Motor Temperature Ratings

A frequently misunderstood subject related to electric motors is insulation class and temperature ratings. This paper tries to describe, in basic terms, the temperature relationships that are meaningful in standard AC induction motors. Some of the same information can be applied to DC motors but DC motors are more specialized and some of the ratings are slightly different. Perhaps the best way to start is to define the commonly used terms.MOTOR SURFACE TEMPERATURESMotor surface temperature is frequently of concern.The motor surface temperature will never exceed the internal temperature of the motor. However, depending upon the design and cooling arrangements in the motor, motor surface temperature in modern motors can be high enough to be very uncomfortable to the touch. Surface temperatures of 75 ° to 95 ° C can be found on T frame motor designs. These temperatures do not necessarily indicate overload or impending motor failure.OTHER FACTORSInsulation life is affected by many fa ctors aside from temperature.Moisture, chemicals, oil, vibration, fungus growth, abrasive particles, and mechanical abrasion created by frequent starts, all work to shorten insulation life. On some applications if the operating environment and motor load conditions can be properly defined, suitable means of winding protection can be provided to obtain reasonable motor life in spite of external disturbing factors.OLD AND CURRENT STANDARDSU frame 184 through 445U frames, were designed based on using Class A insulation. Temperature rise was not precisely defined by the resistance method.Temperature rise by thermometer for Class A, open drip proof motors was 40 ° C. This was generally thought to be equivalent to approximately 50 ° C by resistance. U frame motors were the industry standard from 1954 to 1965 and are still preferred in some industries and plants. T frame, 143T through 449T motors are generally designed based on using Class B insulation with temperature rises by resista nce of approximately 80 ° C. Production of T frame motors started in the mid-sixties and they continue to be the industry standard at this time.SUMMARYA key ingredient in motor life is the insulation system used in the motor.Aside from vibration, moisture, chemicals, and other non-temperature related life-shortening items, the key to insulation and motor life is the maximum temperature that the insulation system experiences and the temperature capabilities of the system components. Table 1 shows the temperature ratings, temperature rise allowances and hot spot allowances for various enclosures and service factors of standard motors. Table 2 shows a listing of temperature related life-shortening factors along with symptoms and cures. You may find this table useful. TABLE 1 Insulation System Class ABFH Temperature Rating in Degrees Centigrade105 °130 °155 °180 ° Temperature Rise Allowance by Resistance (Based on 40 ° C Ambient Temperature) All Motors with 1. 15 Service Factor (Hot Spot Allowance)70 *90 *115 *— Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled Motors (Hot Spot Allowance)60 (5)80 (10)105 (10)125 (15) Totally Enclosed Non-Ventilated Motors (Hot Spot Allowance)65 (0)85 (5)110 (5)135 (5) Motors other than those listed above (Hot Spot Allowance)60 (5)80 (10)105 (10)125 (15) * When operating at service factor loading the hot spot temperatures can actually exceed the insulation rating resulting in shortened motor life. TABLE 2 Temperature Related Life-Shortening Factors PROBLEMS SYMPTOMS CURES Low VoltageOverload Tripping High current Short motor lifeCorrect power supply or match motor to actual power supply voltage rating. High VoltageOverload Tripping High current Short motor lifeCorrect power supply or match motor to actual power supply voltage rating. Unbalanced VoltageUnbalanced phase currents Overload trippingDetermine why voltages are unbalanced and correct. OverloadOverload Tripping High current Short motor lifeDetermine reason for overload. Increase motor size or decrease load speed.High Ambient TemperaturesShort motor life* Rewind motor to higher class of insulation. Oversize motor to reduce temperature rise. Ventilate area to reduce ambient temperature. Blocked VentilationShort motor life Runs hot Amperage o. k. Clean lint and debris from air passageways or use proper motor enclosure for application. Frequent StartsShort motor life** Use a reduced voltage starting method. Upgrade class of insulation. High Inertia LoadsShort motor life Overload tripping during startingOversize motor frame. Use higher class of insulation * Use a reduced voltage starting method. * Bearing lubrication must also be matched to high operating temperature. **Reduced voltage starting method and motor characteristics must be matched to the load requirement. APPENDIX Temperature Rise by Resistance Method Degrees C Rise = Rh – Rc/ Rc (234. 5 + T) Where Rc = Cold Winding Resistance in Ohms R h = Hot Winding Resistance in Ohms T = Cold (ambient) Temperature in Degrees Centigrade Note: This formula assumes that the ambient temperature does not change during the test. Example: A small motor has a cold temperature of 3. ohms at 25 ° C (77 ° F) ambient temperature. After operating at full load for several hours, the resistance measures 4. 1 ohms and the ambient has increased to 28 ° C. Calculate the temperature rise: Apparent rise = 4. 1 – 3. 2/3. 2 (234. 5 + 25) = 73 ° C Correcting for 3 ° C increase in ambient: Actual rise = 73 ° – 3 ° = 70 ° C Centigrade Fahrenheit Conversions Actual Temperatures To change Fahrenheit to Centigrade: C ° = (F ° – 32) 5/9 To change Centigrade to Fahrenheit: F ° = (C ° x 9/5 ) + 32 Rise Values Only Degrees â€Å"C† Rise =  °F (Rise) x . 56 Degrees â€Å"F† Rise =  °C (Rise) x 1. 8

Natural Science Essay

The relevance of this test question is to determine which brand of leading paper towels is the best most absorbent. Consumers want to use the product that is most effective at meeting their needs. A more expensive product may actually be more cost effective if you can use less of it than a brand that costs less. Literature Review Many experiments have been conducted to test the strength and absorbency of paper towels. While the steps of the experiment vary from test to test, all of experiments are testing the same two factors; how much water can each paper towel brand absorb and how strong are each of the paper towels. Below I have reviewed the process and results from three experiments that are similar to the one I will be using. In the first experiment, the tester uses five brands of paper towels to test for absorbency, using paper towels of the same size to ensure the accuracy of the results. He draws a two inch circle in the center of a sheet of paper towel from each brand represented and placing the paper towel in an embroidery hoop to maintain stability. He then drops fifteen drops of water into the center of the circle draw on the paper towel, repeating the process for each brand, and measures the amount of time it takes the paper towel to wick the moisture outside of the circle. This test concludes that Bounty has the greatest absorbency. The next experiment tests for both absorbency and strength. As in the first test, several different brands of paper towels were used. In this experiment, to test the absorbency, the tester takes a sheet of each of the towels an inserts it into a glass with two ounces of water and leaves each sit for twenty seconds. After the twenty seconds expired, the tester removed the paper towel from the glass and rang out each paper towel into a measuring cup to see how much water each towel had absorbed. The second part of the experiment is conducted by stretching sheets of each paper towel through an embroidery hoop, placing 25 pennies in the center of the paper towel, and adding water to the towel drop by drop until the pennies fall through. The strongest paper towel in this test was Brawny Brand. The final experiment that I reviewed also tested for absorbency. The theory behind this experiment was the faster that water moves through the towel, the more absorbent it is. The experimenter cut strips from each paper towel, one inch wide and six inches long. A mark is drawn on each paper towel one inch from the end using a waterproof marker. The strip is then held in a glass of water with the bottom inch submerged, timing how long it takes for the water to travel the length of the strip. The process is then repeated for each brand that is being tested. The most absorbent brand in this test was Brawny. Experimental Design A. Steps in Experimental Procedure The absorbency of the towels will be tested by the speed the water moves through the paper towels, the faster the water moves, the more absorbent the towel is. I will be using the following brands of paper towels in my experiment: Brawny, Bounty, Sparkle and Scott. Other supplies necessary to complete the experiment are: a waterproof marker, and a sixteen-ounce glass of water, and a timer that registers tenths of a second. 1. Prepare three samples of paper towel from each brand by cutting strips of each that is 2 inches wide and six inches long. 2. Using a water-proof marker, draw a line across each paper towel one inch from the bottom. 3. Fill a sixteen ounce glass with water and prepare timer. 4. Take the first strip of paper towel and submerge it up to the line in the glass of water while holding it vertical to the glass while starting the timer. 5. Allow the timer to run until the water is absorbed through the paper towel and reaches the end of the towel not submerged. 6. Stop the timer and record the time in tenths of seconds. 7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 for all three strips of each brand. B. Reasoning for Choosing my Experimental Design Plan The reason I chose this design for my experiment is because it seemed to be more accurate than other testing methods I found during my literature review and could be performed with items I already had in my home. The experiment where the tester rang out the paper towels and measure the water that they had absorbed is less accurate because there is no guarantee of exerting the same amount of force each time you ring out a towel. There is no way to completely drain the towel of all of the liquid it absorbed. Stretching the paper towel samples across the embroidery frame is sound way to perform the experiment but it would have required the purchase of additional materials. C. Sequence of Events to Collect Quantitative Data I will begin the collection of quantitative data by cutting the paper towel samples from each brand into strips that are one inch wide by six inches long, to ensure that all of the samples will be equal. I will use the same glass of water for each test to ensure the water composition is the same for each test. I have created a spreadsheet in excel with a column listing each of the brands being tested and three columns for the time in tenths of a second to be entered upon completion of the experiment. During the experiment, I will make notes on a tablet of the brand name and the time recorded to be entered into the spreadsheet upon completion of the entire experiment. D. Describe Tools, Technologies, and Measurement Units that are used to Collect the Data To collect the data for this experiment I will use one inch wide by six inch long strips of paper towel from each of the brands being tested, a black water-proof marker to mark the strips of paper towel, an eight ounce glass of water, my hand to hold the strip vertical to the glass once submerged as indicated in the experimental procedure, a timer that measures tenths of a second, and a pad and pencil to record the initial results. Once the experiment is complete I will transfer the results of the experiments to the spreadsheet that I have created using Microsoft Excel. I will also use excel to create the graphic representation of the experiment results. Dependent, Independent and Controlled Variables of the Experiment The independent variable in my paper towel experiment is the one inch by six inch strip of paper towel taken from a roll of each brand of paper towel used in the experiment. The dependent variable in the experiment is the amount of time it takes the water to travel the length of the strip of paper towel measured in tenths of a second. The controlled variables of the experiment are using the same glass of water, same size sample of paper towel, and same timer for each test in the experiment. Threat Reduction to Internal Validity To reduce internal threats to validity I will use the same size piece of each paper towel from each brand for each test to conduct the experiment, marking each piece with a line at exactly one inch from the bottom. I will use the same water sample to ensure the liquid being absorbed by each sample strip is identical; the same timer will be used for each test to ensure the accuracy of the time recorded for each test. I will also monitor my results for outliers in the time required to absorb the water through each test towel to ensure the results are valid for each test. Hypothesis The sample of Bounty paper towels will soak up the water through the length of paper towel faster than the other brands because it is thicker than the other brands being tested. I have arrived at this conclusion because the dual layers of towel that are present in the sample of Bounty create a greater surface to absorb water. The other brands are much thinner and have less thickness to soak up water.

Too much weight is attributed to chance in the field of involuntary Essay

Too much weight is attributed to chance in the field of involuntary manslaughter. Discuss - Essay Example one individual, in that black moment, sets in motion many related to the cause of jurisprudence in a democratic set up i.e., Police Officers, Prosecutors, Defence Lawyers and Judges & of course, the Media. Then you see parties to the case hover in the courtroom. Arguments and counter arguments continue. Some one is desperately trying to suppress the truth, within the framework of law. You seek somehow, that precious freedom! Liberation from the clutches of law! In a wintry morning, we visited the ward of the combustible younger generation in a famous Jail, to see our friend, charged with manslaughter. The ward housed about 100 such inmates. Were they criminals? If you were not told in advance about the place of visit, you would guess that it was a college campus! Youngsters in colourful T-shirts, fashionable trousers, casuals and jackets! They practiced dances that day, as part of the reformation and rehabilitation program initiated by a Non-Governmental Organization. They put the steps again and again to achieve perfection, which they were bound to! For, the secret of success lies in unstoppable efforts! We were surprised to observe variety of growing talents! The boys were in the in the process of learning how to convert defeats into victories, so that they could utilize their stay in the Jail to fine-tune the personality! From one such cluster of youngsters, we heard a resolution, â€Å"After release from the prison, we shall form a dance-troupe.† While taking leave after an hour of observation of their activities, I told them, â€Å"My dear brothers, I am very glad to be with you here to watch your multitalented activities! Thanks and good wishes to you all! I would never like to see you here again!† Is too much weight attributed to chance in the field of involuntary manslaughter? Before the visit to the Jail, you would have remained on the other side of the fence, but not now. In most such cases, the offender needs to be pitied rather than condemned. The

Knowledge Management, Social Networks and Innovation(Youtube) Assignment

Knowledge Management, Social Networks and Innovation(Youtube) - Assignment Example The advent of Social Network network has empowered the customers and the companies to gain and share information with each other. Customers share the company’s information and their customer experiences with the other customers while on the other hand, organizations use this information as a source to analyze and review their performance management, overcome their problems and keeping the flow of communication among the employees smooth and effective. To fulfill this purpose, organizations use different Social Network platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and many more. However, in this paper we have discussed how organizations and the customers use Youtube (Social Network platform) to share, control and gain knowledge and how effectively they use this information to benefit other individuals. Thus, this makes the overall knowledge management system of an organization to become more developed and to acquire innovation for brining the change in the overall organization. Knowledge management can be defined as the process through which organizations control, use and share their company and product information effectively with other people. Few years back, this knowledge or the spread of information was controlled by the legal and marketing departments. These departments were directly responsible for controlling an organization’s external knowledge. However, other departments such as engineering and maintenance are responsible for controlling the internal information. In the past, the access to an organization’s information was limited (Brelade, and Harman, 2001). Companies were strict in sharing the information with the public unless, it becomes dire important for an organization to share and make it public. In the past, organization had restricted opportunity and limited resources to use and share their organization’s information with the public regarding their company and products. However, the entire process

Beethoven's Hearing Loss & Its Effect On His Music Research Paper

Beethoven's Hearing Loss & Its Effect On His Music - Research Paper Example He was born in 1770 and in around 1800, his hearing sense started to deplete with every passing day and in some years, he was totally deaf to hear anything around him. This sorrowful event in his life did not only affect his life, rather his whole career was at the stake and he had to abandon the pianist classes and performances. Ludvig continued to compose different lyrics for music and shows but his art of singing and performing live was depleting swiftly. He was of the view the music is being affected badly by his performance being deaf. Dissonant harmonies are a must to feel and hear when you are performing on a public platform to imbibe and integrate the learning capacity in music. He as not unable to hear anything thus he had to leave singing and performing in the general masses1. The early strike of deafness isolated Ludvig Beethoven because of the fact that this great artist was at the peak of his career when the deafness started. Experts are of the view that if this deafness would not have been struck Ludvig , he would have become a great director and virtuoso pianist. Ludvig was a man of a few words form the very first day and his aim was only to performance rather than to speak but deafness forced him to stay out of any social circle. The deafness was very slow and growing erratically. The slow augmentation of hearing problems broke the heart of Beethoven and pushed him to leave his career. Many artists tried to make Ludvig understand the fact that there is a peculiar originality in hiswork because when person hears other sounds, there is an increased chance and tendency of copying the content whereas in case of Ludvig, there was uniqueness and creativity not only in his work but also in his style, his pianist approach, his lyrics but all these motivation could not inject the sense of performing and singing in front of people because he thought it would affect the music itself. When Ludvig was 26 years old, in the year of 1796, he started to experien ce the symptoms of deafness when he heard the tinnitus, a "ringing" in his ears. According to the letter written by Beethoven to his friendin 1801, it is depicted that Beethoven always wanted to continue his career at the start when the magnitude of the deafness was not known to anyone. He wrote to his friends that these days heis suffering from hear loss symptoms and how he is much worried about the effect of this problem on his profession. Beethoven continued to go for the musical concerts and public events despite of the deteriorating hearing condition. In the stage performance of his Ninth Symphony, he had to move his face towards the audience to experience the big applause on his performance. He was so shocked on this that he wept in front of the whole audience2. Many experts and historians are of the view that Beethoven wanted to appear in pubic even after the depletion of his hearing power because at the start, he said that hearing has nothing to do with singing and I can con tinue with my career. But after a failed public attempt in 1811 to perform his own Piano Concerto No. 5 (the "Emperor"), he never tried to perform in public again and his perception about the links between deafness and singing were revamped. He said that due to the inability to understand and evaluate one’s performance with his own ear, it is not possible to keep

Children's rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Children's rights - Essay Example Despite the fact that politics takes a central place in deciding which way children rights take in given nations, it has always reeled against the lack of consensus among stakeholders marginalising political science in discussions of children rights as Beetham (1995:1) observes. As Forsythe (1991: 174) postulates, a significant majority of political scientists do not contend the perception that children rights and human rights in general are critical aspects of international relations. According to Lukes (1993:20), there are very peculiar trends that register in children rights assessments; among them is the prevalent characteristic where virtually nobody rejects the promotion of the idea of preservation of children rights yet reports of abuses of children are wrought in news agencies. One aspect worth noticing is the inverse relationship between the high political will to promote human rights and the waning philosophical commitment. Primarily, philosophy has been conspicuously scept ical about the idea of human rights with its undesirable ontological status of human rights and more specifically children rights. Conservatives that constituted the French aristocracy, as Burke (1964:25) observes, contended that astute human rights and thus children rights could only prosper on a platform of distinctive state cultural frameworks enshrined in the nation’s legal framework which form the basis for their formation and as such their appropriateness. The United Nations Children’s Fund with its endeavour entrenched in the Convention on the rights of the child is the pioneer penal code that spells the broad diversity of the rights that individuals are entitled to throughout the world. These rights vary from person to person and constitute civil, economic as well as social together with political and cultural ones. The differing needs that characterise adult needs when compared to children’s were the motivation

What do we know about the literacy skills of American Adolescents and Research Paper

What do we know about the literacy skills of American Adolescents and Adults - Research Paper Example This situation exposes women to a high rate of illiteracy in which they face ignorance and serious gender disparities. Aware of these difficult living conditions of women, government officials and international organizations set up adult literacy programs that offer women a second chance to get educated. Because of these adult programs, many women succeed in acquiring literacy that makes it possible for them to get paid jobs, experience empowerment and even contribute to implementing vital government programs. Introduction Education has been a problem for women in developing countries for a long time. Many women do not have access to education in many African and Asian countries. This lack of education is mainly due to cultural and traditional beliefs that motivate parents to keep their daughters at home to take care of domestic chores while boys are encouraged to attend school. This discrimination that starts at home grows and creates serious gender disparities in all aspects of the society. This phenomenon explains the low rates of literacy for women observed in many developing countries.The goals of literacy programmes should reflect this understanding.† Unfortunately, many women around the world do not fit in this definition because many of them do not know how to read and write and are still victim of gender disparities. ... Archer (2006) confirms this theory when he states that literary has a â€Å"dramatic impact on women's self-esteem, empowering them to unlock economic, social, cultural, and political resources.† Low Rates of Literacy for Women Despite various efforts to raise the rates of literacy in many developing countries, the rates are still low, especially for women: â€Å"On average throughout the world, 88 women are literate for every 100 men, but only 62 or even as few as 57 women for every 100 men in many countries in Western Asia† (Hinzen, 2007). These low rates explain the gender disparities observed in different aspects. These gender disparities have hindered the efforts to raise the literacy level because men and women are not treated equally. Reflecting on gender issues in Kenya, John Muiru &Mukuria (2005) observe: â€Å"Gender bias is deeply rooted in the cultural and traditional values that prescribe roles based on gender and also discriminate against women as far as ownership of property is concerned.† In many patriarchal societies, women undergo real discrimination that puts them at disadvantage compared to men. Aware of the disparity, government officials have tried the reverse the situation: â€Å"The struggle to attain gender equity in literacy has led to putting too much emphasis on women as the target group of adult literacy programs† (Muiru & Mukuria, 2005). â€Å"Illiteracy is seen as an impediment to adults' successful functioning in daily life, to individual advancement, and to full participation in society. At its worst illiteracy is also associated with ignorance, inability and dependency, all perceived to be characteristic of uneducated or low

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example In fact, the scope of literature does not include data that is relevant for all the businesses and touches the dilemma between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ solely within corporate management. Thus, the given essay can serve as a background for further researches on this topic that will investigate this problem in different business environments. To start with, the notion of ‘good’ manager needs clarification, since this topic is problematic to date. In this context, the fact that capitalism serves as a preliminary condition of contemporary corporations’ appearance leads to the misunderstanding between ‘good’ management and ‘bad’ ethics. In capitalist framework, the very establishment of enterprise is self-regulatory enough to be good for the society. As a result, no significant attention was paid to the analysis of business in ethical terms in the context of early capitalist development. Because of this, ambiguity between et hics and profit appears nowadays. In Smith’s words, ‘No regulation of commerce can increase the quantity of industry in any society beyond that capital can maintain†¦ And it is by no means certain that this artificial direction is likely to be more advantageous to the society than that into which it would have gone of its own accord†¦ The study of his [every individual] own advantage naturally, or rather necessarily leads him to prefer that employment which is most advantageous to the society.’ In the given passage, it is hard to measure the difference between the choice motivated by profit means and by public good. In this context, personal motivation has crucial role; moreover, the level of publicity and acknowledgment of social needs define the ethical behavior in modern times (Trevià ±o and Nelson 2011: 323).

How to Run Essay Example for Free

How to Run Essay STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE IN REVIEW Mean (X) is a measure of central tendency and is the sum of the raw scores divided by the number of scores being summed. Standard deviation (SD) is calculated to measure dispersion or the spread of scores from the mean (Burns Grove, 2007). The larger the value of the standard deviation for study variables, the greater the dispersion or variability of the scores for the variable in a distribution. (See Exercise 16 for a detailed discussion of mean and standard deviation. ) Since the theoretical normal curve is symmetrical and unimodal, the mean, median, and mode are equal in the normal curve (see Figure 18-1). In the normal curve, 95% of the scores will be within 1.96 standard deviations of the mean, and 99% of scores are within 2.58 standard deviations of the mean. Figure 18-1 demonstrates the normal curve, with a.X = 0. The formula used to calculate the 95% rule to determine where 95% of the scores for the normal curve lie is: X ±1.96(SD) The formula used to calculate the 99% rule to determine where 99% of the scores for the normal curve lie is: X  ± 2.58 (SD) FIGURE 18-1 †¢ The Normal Curve Mean Median Mode Standard deviation -3 Zscore -2.58 -+2.58 131 133 Mean, Standard Deviation, and 95% and 99% of the Normal Curve EXERCISE 18 Participants reported a net increase in weight from 3 months prior (M= 2.4 Ib, SD 12.9 Ib) and 12 months prior (M = 10.9 Ib, SD = 19.1 Ib) and that their weight was greater than their ideal weight (M = 9.2 Ib, SD = 22.9 Ib). SDs for the data indicated a wide range on weight at both 3 and 12 months before participation in the study. Body image scores (0-100 scale) were significantly (F(1 37) = 5.41, p =.03) higher for women (73.1  ± 17.0) than men (60.2  ± 17.0). Although HIV-positive participants had slightly higher body image scores (M = 68.0, SD = 17.0) compared with participants with AIDS (M = 60.5, SD = 18.8), there was no significant difference (F(1 ,7, = 1.56, p —.22) in body image scores between [those with HIV and AIDS]. There was a weak, but significant, inverse association between body image score and weight changes from 3 months prior (r = -.30, p =.04). Body image and weight scores are summarized in Table 1 (Corless et al, 2004, p. 294). TABLE 1 Body Image and Weight Measures for Men and Women GENDER Male Female Mean Body image Weight change last 12 months Weight change last 3 months Weight relative to ideal Body weight ratio SD Mean SD 60.22 10.26 16.98 22.40 15.87 22,93 33.97 73.07 11.94 1.47 13.63 14.44 67.56 22.57 34.44 3.05 5.48 53.66 16.93 7.32 Corless, I. B., Nicholas, P. K., McGibbon, C. A., Wilson, C., (2004). Weight change, body image, and quality of life in HIV disease: A pilot study. Applied Nursing Research, 77(4), p. 294. A summary of quality-of-life scores for men and women is shown in Table 2. The scales of the MOS-HIV Quality of Life instrument include General Health Perceptions, Physical Functioning, Role Functioning, Social Functioning, Cognitive Functioning, Pain, Mental Health, Vitality, Health Distress, Quality of Life, and Heath Transition. There were no significant differences between quality of life scores between men and women. Men did have lower scores on some MOS-HIV scales (Cognitive Functioning, Pain, Quality of Life, and Health Transition) and women were lower on others (Vitality and Health Distress). In addition, there were a number of differences in the relationships between quality of life scores, body image, and body weight. The positive correlations indicated that improved quality of life was associated with improved body image (Corless et al., 2004, pp. 294-5). 132 EXERCISE 18 Mean, Standard Deviation, and 95% and 99% of the Normal Curve The data described below are the verbal SAT scores for high school seniors for one year with X = 490 and SD =100 (see Figure 18-2). The formula used to find where 95% of the scores lie is X  ± 1.96 (SD). In this example, 490 + 1.96 (100) = 686, and 490 1.96 (100) = 294. Thus 95% of scores lie between 294 and 686, expressed as (294, 686). Since 95% of the scores are between 294 and 686, this leaves 5% of the scores outside this interval. Since a normal curve is symmetric, one-half of the scores, or 2.5%, are at each end of this distribution. To find where 99% of scores lie,Z  ± 2.58 (SD), where 490 + 2.58 (100) = 748  and 490 2.58 (100) = 232. Thus, 99% of the SAT scores lie between 232 and 748, which is expressed as (232, 748). Since the distribution of these scores is normal, 99% of the scores are between 232 and 748 and 0.5% of the scores are at each end of this distribution. FIGURE 18-2 ft Distribution of SAT Scores SD=100 x = 490 Mean RESEARCH ARTICLE Source: Corless, I. B., Nicholas, P. K., McGibbon, C. A., Wilson, C, (2004). Weight change, body image, and quality of life in HIV disease: A pilot study. Applied Nursing Research 77(4), 292-6. Introduction The purpose of this pilot study [conducted by Corless and colleagues (2004)] was to investigate the relationships of weight change, body image, length of time with HIV/AIDS diagnosis, and quality of life in individuals with HIV disease (Corless et al., 2004, p. 292). The sample consisted of 40 subjects: 23 men and 17 women. The HIV-positive adults in a primary care clinic were asked to participate, so this study has a sample of convenience. The participants reported an increase in weight, greater than their ideal weight. The body image scores were found to be significantly higher for women, with the HIV-positive participants having slightly higher body image scores. A survey and Medical Outcomes Study-HIV (MOS-HIV) instruments were used as measurement methods for this study. The results indicated that when a persons weight is higher and closer to his or her ideal, HIV-positive individuals exhibit better quality of life. Thus, education of clinicians and individuals living with HIV/AI DS should focus on the assessment, management, and evaluation of weight change during the course of HIV disease (Corless et al., 2004, p. 292). Relevant Study Results The sample consisted of 23 men with a mean age of 42.2 years (SD = 8.2), length of time since diagnosis with HIV was 9.2 years (SD = 5.3); and 17 women with a mean age of 36.8 years (SD = 5.2), and length of time since diagnosis with HIV was 7.2 years (SD = 4.8). For men, 23 were HIV-positive and 9 had a diagnosis of AIDS; and for women, 17 were HIV positive, and 5 had a diagnosis of AIDS. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics of the sample by age, gender, HIV disease status, and time living with HIV. Class: Name: Date: EXERCISE 18 Questions to be Graded 1. Assuming that the distribution is normal for weight relative to the ideal and 99% of the male participants scored between (-53.68, 64.64), where did 95% of the values for weight relative to the ideal lie? Round your answer to two decimal places. 2. Which of the following values from Table 1 tells us about variability of the scores in a distribution? a. 60.22 b. 11.94 c. 22.57 d. 53.66 3. Assuming that the distribution for General Health Perceptions is normal, 95% of the females scores around the mean were between what values? Round your answer to two decimal places. 4. Assuming that the distribution of scores for Pain is normal, 95% of the mens scores around the mean were between what two values? Round your answernto two decimal places. 5. Were the body image scores significantly different for women versus men? Provide a rationale for your 138 EXERCISE 18 Mean, Standard Deviation, and 95% and 99% of the Normal Curve 6. Assuming that the distribution of Mental Health scores for men is normal, where are 99% of the mens mental health scores around the mean in this distribution? Round your answer to two decimal places. 7. Assuming that the distribution of scores for Physical Functioning in women is normal, where are of the womens scores around the mean in this distribution? Round your answer to two decimal places. 8. Assuming that the distribution of scores is normal, 99% of HIV-positive body image scores around the mean were between what two values? Round your answer to two decimal places. 9. Assuming that the distribution of scores for Role Functioning is normal, 99% of the mens scores around the mean were between what values? Round your answer to two decimal places. 10. What are some of the limitations of this study that decrease the potential for generalizing the findings to the target population?

Gender Educational Performance

Gender Educational Performance Gender Educational Performance Does gender affect educational performance in the primary school? Gender has increasingly become a growing concern for educationalists especially since the Women’s Movement has become more prominent in our society. Gender has been considered in relation to many facets associated with education, ranging from examination results, subject choices to peer interaction. The research that has been conducted is not exhaustive and is very often open to criticism and review. This is primarily due to the fact that research into educational issues is regularly context specific and therefore, it is difficult to extract generalizations when there is little comparative data from related studies available. There is limited research on Faith Schools and Independent schools and not very much comparative data for analysis between co-educational schools and single-sex schools. This creates a very difficult situation when trying to ascertain whether gender affects educational performance as opposed to the type of educational experience (Delamont, 1992). There is a substantial amount of data and analysis that is accessible detailing the relative abilities of boys and girls across core subjects, year groups, classes and cohorts. In Key Stages One and Two, SATS are undertaken in Year 2 and 6, with schools opting to take optional QCA assessment tests in Years 3, 4, and 5. In addition data is available from the Fisher Family Trust, which provides value-added data of comparative gender achievements. Certainly, from studying performance profiles for boys and girls achievements in National Curriculum tests and GCSE results, it is evident that there is a gender gap in pupil’s results (Younger and Warrington). This gap is more pronounced at secondary school level. In Great Britain, the vast proportion of research that has been undertaken into gender and educational performance has been mainly concentrated in secondary schools; this my study will hope to rectify. I will be purposely researching a region that has received very little previous investigation so as to supply context specific data which can then be used for comparative analysis in future research studies. It is important to challenge what is meant by achievement. Not all pupils are able to attain the level that is expected of them according to their age. It is universally accepted that all children are able to make some progress and acknowledgement of this fact must be given. To this end, measures of absolute attainment must be balanced with a child’s contextual value added score. This is where each child’s starting point is taken into consideration when tracking their achievements. Other factors that the school has no control over, for example, gender, EAL, ethnicity, family circumstances are also taken into account because they have been found to have an influence on a child’s performance (DCSF, 2008). CVA scores will help allow make comparisons between schools more valid. My research will utilize Raise online to provide contextual data (OFSTED, 2008) My research intends to look outside the usual conditions of maintained schools in England and Wales to assess the affects that working in single gender contexts might have on learners. It is a study, where no residual hypotheses will be tested and no pre-conceived ideas implanted in the study. It will comprise one over-arching question what effects will a single sex cohort have on pupil performance at Primary School level? Whilst gender is different from the sex of a person, they are both linked closely together socially as well as psychologically and this implies that data in gender stereotyping is just as relevant in the analysis of test results which appear to confirm established gender roles, namely subjects such as Science are for boys; English is for girls. Sikes informs us that, ‘The independent, given view of reality might be that any differences in intellectual ability and aptitude between boys and girls†¦are mainly the result of natural, biological, physiological and hormonal causes†¦.A social constructivist view, however, might explain differences in terms of socialization, as the outcome of different expectations, experiences and ways of being treated†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (2004, pg 21). In the first instance it is important to indicate the role of this study, and what contribution it – and studies like it could make to better understanding of the needs of learners. Similarly, it will not be presumed that gender will make a difference to children’s attainment; for future comparative analysis, an insignificant effect is just as important as finding a large difference. The results from the research should be adaptable to enable the project to be beneficial to future researchers. What methodology is available? Research can be undertaken in a number of different formats. Cohen et al. consider that, ‘There is no single blueprint for planning research. Research design is governed by the notion of â€Å"fitness for purpose†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The purposes of the research determine the methodology and design of the research.’ (Cohen et al, 2007). A decision has to be made as to whether it is going to be a quantitative or qualitative research paradigm, (positivist or phenomenological). This does not mean that the two methods have to be in opposition and no prior assumptions as to the two approaches relative importance should be made. Muijs points out, ‘To ascribe radical subjectivist views to all quantitative researchers is a fallacy. To label all quantitative researchers positivists is equally inaccurate.’ (Muijs 2004) What are the strengths and limitations of the methods available? Consideration will be given to considering the strengths and weaknesses of different methods available in relation to the desired outcomes, which Cohen et al. characterize as ‘those decisions which set the boundaries of the research.’ (Cohen et al, 2007) Thought needs to be given to: what are the implications and consequences of a qualitative or quantitative approach for researching this topic? What form of enquiry should be used so that the relevant data is obtained, and draws attention to any issues? As previously mentioned results that can be measured quantitatively (for example, SAT’s results), are readily available, however, a chronological spread is required so that observable contrasts in attainment can be highlighted, or that they indicate that important modifications in teaching and learning are required. The research and methodology will concentrate on quantitative methods plus an attitudinal survey, with the proviso that positivist aspects could be included in a larger scale research study at a later date. It is now necessary to plan what format the questions will take, and determine what medium they will be transmitted in. Smith et al. disapprove of the ‘†¦.analysis of boys and girls as homogeneous groups†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (2007, pp.455-471). This view is reinforced by Cohen et al. when they draw attention to ‘representativeness and parameters of the sample’ as a major worry. (2007.pg 100)What methods will I choose and why? Will the methods be appropriate to the specific research questions asked? Data collection will mainly be by questionnaire and interview with differentiated weight attached to the responses as deemed appropriate. A variety of questions will be formulated so as to give an extensive range and quality of responses – they will be reflective by means of the questionnaires and discursive through the use of interviews. When deciding on the pupils who will be involved in the research, consideration needs to be given not only to their gender but their approach to learning in general. As previously mentioned it may be possible to explain gender achievement in relation to attitude, ability, English as an additional language, family circumstances or other reasons. These are all acceptable and valid considerations, but they could prove to be confounding variables in relation to this research. This means that each sample of children should be of a similar ability level, (within the level statements) and in addition they should have made comparable progress through value-added data. This should not automatically exclude SEN or EAL pupils but it is important that their profiles are as long as their profiles are consistent. Will the methods be realistic? Will they be managed? How long will it need? Will human and physical resources be required?) Firstly, it will be necessary to obtain the Headteacher’s permission and once this has been achieved a decision has to be made whether it is deemed necessary to get parental permission. Consent and communication between the researchers and subjects is of paramount importance to ensure that there are no ethical issues, especially if the study is going to be published at a later date. (Cohen et al, 1994, p.351, 375). Discussions and consultation will be made with the School Assessment coordinator, respective year group leaders, class teachers and the School special needs coordinator. It will be necessary to study statutory and school class records that have been collated. Once again, high ethical standards and levels of integrity are of paramount importance. This is reinforced by Cohen et al (2007), who believe that ethical practices must be adhered to. My research proposes to work with Year 5 pupils. The same Maths, Science and English lessons will be taught by the same teacher to two gendered groups of pupils over a term. Observations will be made as to how the pupils behave independently and how they interact and support others in group work. The pupils will be asked to reflect on their experience. Subsequently, and following the assigned medium term plan, the same sample of pupils will be split into two mixed gender classes where there are an equal number of girls to boys. Similarly, the same Maths, Science and English lesson will be taught by the same teacher to both groups, again for a term. The children will then answer a questionnaire about their experience as well as have an individual interview on the experience. To avoid leading questions and observer bias, the subject of gender will not be introduced. Instead the interviewee will concentrate on the quality of the learning experience that each child underwent. The questions will take the following format: Which lesson did you learn the most in? Which lesson did you enjoy most? What kind of lessons would you like have in the future? Did you achieve the Learning intention of the lesson? From these questions it is hoped that the children will refer to the gender issue. If so, it is thought that it will be more valid than if ‘guided’ questions were asked; guided questions could well lead to observer/response bias. The answers to the questions will also reveal approaches to teamwork, and the ability to interact and empathize. An informal interview can be constructive by bringing to light more understated influences, inferences and options that have not been considered (Cohen et al,2007). The personal contact between the researcher and subject is beneficial because any ambiguities can be clarified immediately and response is guaranteed which is not so when research methods involve such procedures as postal questionnaires. In the school environment, success revolves around respect, tolerance and helping others. This research aims to find out if single sex classes assist the learning process and aids pupil achievement. Conclusion This research proposes how I would conduct a research into how primary pupils perform in the altered contexts of single gender, or co-educational settings. It is primarily a study of how socialization affects learning according to gender. The results of this research obtained will be context specific. The choice of Maths, Science and English subjects to base the study on meant that a quantitative approach could be added through the use of end of term summative assessments. Also, they are subjects in which learning and ability are frequently considered to be related to gender. It is considered that this research will complement, stimulate and support future research in this area and will validate all costs and organisation deemed necessary. The research will develop our comprehension of how gender influences educational achievement, knowledge essential so that we can examine gender within the school environment but furthermore so that it can be used by the government if they feel there is a need to remedy any gender base disparities. The methodology that I have described will emphasize the subtle relations of gender stereotyping, gender and educational achievement. This research which will indicate if any future course of action is deemed necessary as a result of my findings. Bibliography Arnot, M., David, M. Weiner, G. (1996) Educational Reforms and Gender Equality in Schools. Manchester: Equal Opportunities Commission. Bell, J. (ed) (2005), Doing Your Research Project: A Guide for First-Time Researchers in Education, Health and Social Science. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Bryman, A. (1988) Quantity and Quality in Social Research (Contemporary Social Research.)London: Routledge. Centre for Longitudinal Studies (08/06/05) ‘Gender Mix Has No Exam Impact’ http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/text.asp?section=00010001000500150005 [Accessed on: 01/03/2008] Clark, L. (2007) ‘Four in Ten 11-Year-Olds Dont Make the Grade in Three Rs; Battling with the Basics: Crucial Skills Are Not Being Learned’, The Daily Mail (London: England), 8 August. Cohen, L., Manion, L. Morrison, K. (6th ed) (2007) Research Methods in Education, London: Routledge. Delamont, S (1992) Fieldwork in Educational Settings: Methods, pitfalls and Perspectives, London: The Falmer Press. Denscombe, M. (2003) ‘The Good Research Guide: For Small-scale Social Research Projects’ Open University Press; 2 edition. DCSF (2004) ‘Raising Boys’ Achievement’ http://www.dfes.gov.uk/research/data/uploadfiles/RR636.pdf [Accessed 28/02/2008] Hammersley, M., (ed), (1993), Educational Research: current issues. Open University: Paul Chapman, London. Hammersley, M., ‘Some Questions about Evidence-Based Practice’, in Thomas, G., and Pring, R., (eds), (2004), Evidence-Based Practice in Education, Open University Press, Maindenhead. Millard, E. (1997) ‘Differently Literate: gender identity and the construction of the developing reader.’ Gender and Education, Vol.9, No.1, pp.31-48. Muijs, D. (2004) Doing Quantitative Research. Sage: London. National Association for Single Sex Public Education: ‘Single-Sex vs. Coed: The Evidence’ http://www.singlesexschools.org/evidence.html [Accessed 29/02/2008] National Literacy Trust (26/11/99) ‘Single sex classes three year study in Scottish school’http://www.literacytrust.org.uk/Research/ressinglesex.html#motherwell [Accessed 28/02/2008] Opie, C. (2004) Doing Educational Research: A Guide to First Time Researchers. Sage: London. Oplatka, I. Atias, M. (2007) ‘Gendered views of managing discipline in school and classroom’, Gender and Education, Vol.19, No.1, Jan 2007, pp.41-61. Ringrose, J., (2007), ‘Successful Girls? Complicating post-feminist, neoliberal discourses of educational achievement and gender equality’, in Gender and Education, Vol.19, No.4 July 2007, pp.471-491. Salisbury, J., Riddell S. (2000) Gender, Policy, and Educational Change: Shifting Agendas in the UK and Europe. Routledge Secondary Schools (KS3) Achievement and Attainment Tables 2007 http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/performancetables/ks3_07/k3.shtml [Accessed 24/02/2008] Sikes, P., ‘Methodology, Procedures and Ethical Concerns’, in Opie, C. (2004), Doing Educational Research: A Guide to First Time Researchers. Sage: London. Single-sex education (2008) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-sex_education [Accessed 24/02/2008] Smith, F., Hardman, F., Higgins, S. (2007), ‘Gender Inequality in the Primary Classroom: will interactive whiteboards help?’ in Gender and Education, Vol.19 No.4 July 2007, pp.455-471. Strauss, A.L. (1987) Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists. Cambridge University Press. Thomas, G., and Pring, R., (eds), (2004), Evidence-Based Practice in Education, Open University Press, Maidenhead. Thomas, K. (1997) ‘In a Class of Their Own,’ New Statesman, Vol.126, 5 September Zechmeister, E. B. Shaughnessy, J.(1996) A Practical Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology. NY: Mc Graw-Hill Education. http://www.literacytrust.org.uk/research/classsinglesexabstracts.html ‘Boys v Girls: Separating Sexes Helps Boys Close Gap’, The Birmingham Post (England), August 19,2004 http://www.questia.com/read/5006729079 (accessed

Descartes philosophy Essay -- essays research papers

Descartes’ â€Å"evil genius scenario† provides the possibility for the existence of an evil genius that is in control of our world in place on an omnipotent god. By in control, I mean that he would in some magical way compose our lives by his own will, thus making any certain knowledge about material objects impossible. This scenario presents some real questions with Descartes’ argument because it basically completely rules out the possibility of any god.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We are imagining that Dr. Spiritus has invaded a small rural hospital and has stolen the brains of several babies. He places the brains in a large vat, provides them with the essential nutrients as well as hooking them up to electrodes that feed the false images into their minds. These impulses that the doctor would distribute at his own will would make the babies brains think that they are actually in their bodies living their lives as normal people. The doctor would provide all the necessary experiences such as childhood, school, first love and etc. However since Dr. Spiritus is an evil genius, he feels it necessary to feed these minds the stimuli of pain, suffering, and disaster.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first question that arises is if it is possible to determine if one is not among Dr. Spiritus’ victims. According to Descartes, the answer is yes. Descartes states that God is an infinite, omnipotent, omniscient substance. He also says that humans are not capable of causing this thoug...

Sports Information :: essays research papers

The Minnesota Vikings opened their developmental camp for veterans on Monday morning at Winter Park. The Vikings had a very high player turnout for their first session on Monday, including free agent signees Kenny Mixon, Lorenzo Bromell, Corey Chavous, and Henri Crockett. The developmental camp will run Monday-Wednesday and the Vikings will have workouts, classroom work, and weightlifting. â€Å"I thought the work was good,† Mike Tice said. â€Å"I thought the tempo was good today. I had to pull them back a little bit because I was worried about somebody getting hurt. But I thought the tempo was excellent and the guys understand that they have to be in good shape in order to keep up.† The only veterans not at Monday’s workout were defensive tackle Darius Holland and newly signed tight end Hunter Goodwin and punter Kyle Richardson. Tice said Holland had a death in the family and that Goodwin would likely be on the field tomorrow and Richardson on Wednesday. The Vikings will have their first mini-camp this weekend, when the team’s draft picks and rookie free agents will join the veterans for practices. â€Å"There is definitely a sense of excitement on both sides of the ball,† Byron Chamberlain said. â€Å"I think guys were eager to get out here after what seemed like a long offseason. Any time you win five games and lose 11, it tends to be a pretty long offseason. There is a sense of excitement with the moves we made in the draft and free agency and just seeing guys out here for the first time.† Notes The Vikings signed rookie free agent wide receiver Kelly Campbell on Monday. Campbell played for Vikings’ defensive line coach George O’Leary at Georgia Tech, where he had 56 catches for 708 yards and three touchdowns in 2001. He is Georgia Tech’s all-time leader in career catches (198), receiving yards (2,907) and touchdowns (24). Comments from Monday Daunte Culpepper On his knee I’m fine. I’ve just rehabbed it real good this offseason. I’m feeling real good. I’m over 90 percent and I’m ready to go. (It just) needs a little more strengthening, that’s all. I can run. I would like to strengthen it a little bit more so it’s equal to my right, or even stronger. On Bryant McKinnie He definitely is a blessing to us and definitely to myself. I’m glad that we got him. I was hoping and praying that we would, and I couldn’t believe that he dropped to number seven.

Civil War :: essays research papers

Alpha -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alpha The first Greek alphabet alpha symbolizes the beginning of an event. Here, of course, we are talking about the beginning of the Civil War. Conventional history claims that the American Civil War started on April 12, 1861 at the bombing of Fort Sumter. Is it true? We CW buffs probably would not quite satisfy with this answer, and we know there were armed hostile incidents happening long before Ft. Sumter, and we shall examine them here. Carl Von Clausewitz, author of "On War", said that war is the extension of politic. The South had long making threat that they would secede if the country elected the Lincoln as President. The North dismissed them. After all, the Southerners had been "talking" secession for the last 40 years since the 1820 Missouri Compromise. Too many cry wolves. Meanwhile, the South thought that the North wouldn't fight. "I could wipe all the blood with my handkerchief" proclaimed Leroy Walker, who later served as the first Confederate Secretary of War. "They are shopkeepers and factory workers. What do they know about soldiering?" The South believed that one southerner could easily beat 10 Yankees. So both sides underestimated the other's determination. The drumming of war cry were beating slowly in the background. In the month of November 1860, events began to heat up. Lincoln got elected on the 6th. South Carolina called for a Convention. New York stock market dropped its price. Maj. Anderson was ordered to Ft. Moultrie. Georgia voted a million dollars to arm the State. In December, South Carolina seceded on 20th. Anderson secretly moved the Federal garrison to Ft. Sumter at night on 26th. US Revenue Cutter William Aiken surrendered to S. Carolina State force on demand. Please notice that President Buchanan took the "do nothing" policy. Taking a ship is clearly an act of war, according to the Northern viewpoint, but the same act would become the defense of a new Country from the Southern viewpoint. But if the Federal chose not to fight back, there would be no "conflict." So you could see that a series of "incidents" happened, but the Federal under Buchanan did not respond. The tempo of war drum increased in January 1861. South Carolina prepared for war / defense, organizing troops and guarding the wharfs and ships, and seized Ft. Johnson in Charleston Harbor. Federal organized militia to defend the D.C. Capital.

Prevention Plan for Divorce Before Marriage

Phuong Ho Prof. Janice Falbert CDFS 321 Section 9 Personal Relationships Wellness Philosophy Paper (PRW) Fall 2012 Marriage is one of the most essential factors of human life. It creates the basis for everyone to pursue a better, healthier, and happier life. However, it is the fact that there are more and more couples marrying and then ending up with divorce, and this rate is increasing faster year by year. Actually, all the divorce cases are originated from some of the forms of emotional illness that gradually appear in each partner during the time of their relationship.It is good to cure these forms of emotional illness to solve the martial problems of the specific patients. However; it is absolutely the best when the original points are studied and determined before they become the serious and fatal clues to damage marriage. What I am talking about here is the prevention efforts to be applied to the time period before couples marry, not after. I also present my Prevention Plan con taining the ideas, of preventing any chances that can cause divorce, for pre-marital couples.This is the ultimate result of the combination of my total knowledge about marriage and the practical philosophy of Primary Prevention material. It is true that relationship before marriage plays an important role in coupled life ahead; it also builds the foundation for the good, healthy, and happy marriage. However, it is completely wrong saying that dating works effectively to screen out future divorces, particularly those that occur early in marriage.Actually, dating does not have anything to do with the separation of married couples. The point here is that dating and marriage are different. Of course dating is important to lead to marriage. However, dating is a step to get two people closer and to see if they are for each other, and marriage is a commitment with full of incidents and probabilities. Loving someone, committing to him/her, and living together for the rest of your life are t otally different. This illustrates well for the divorces happening early in marriage.Many troublesome things happen when marriage life starts out. Things change dramatically, and the couples have to work through themselves or asking for professional help or divorces is the consequence. Another reason to say that dating is nothing to do with future divorces is that dating not working out leads to break-up right after that. People do not wait until they get into marriage, and then regret for what happen and say goodbye to each other. It does not work this way.Really, problems can appear during the dating; couples tend to learn how to overcome it (just like married ones); however, if they cannot find the same solution for this problem, break-up is easy to be brought up right away. Separation in dating is a lot simpler and easier than marriage. No such couples resist each other’s problems until they get married. As what I said previously, my Prevention Plan, which I will introduc e to you, is built upon my martial knowledge and the information from Primary Prevention material. So what is Primary Prevention?It is actually a distinct level from the three-tier model, which is pretty much similar to the main Prevention model, containing Primary Prevention, Secondary Prevention, and Tertiary Prevention. Secondary Prevention (treatment activities) is about trying to decrease the length of time an individual or family experiences an emotionally distressful situation; Tertiary Prevention (rehabilitation activities) is about preventing the recurrence of a debilitating problem and to restore as high as possible the level of individual and family reorganization.Like the other two, Primary Prevention, considered as a hybrid form originated from Prevention, has its own characteristics and techniques, which are about aiming to reduce the incidence of new cases of mental disorder in the population by fighting against harmful forces which operate in the community and by str engthening the capacity of people to resist stress. So, unlike the purpose of Secondary Prevention shortening the time the patients resist and purpose of Tertiary Prevention avoiding the repetition of the illness, the Primary Prevention is more straightened method of anti-emotional-distress.It focuses directly on the fight against the mental illness created during the process by helping patients develop the abilities to avoid stress. Primary Prevention focuses mainly on groups of patients but for the specific problems that those groups obtain. To get a wider and deeper view of these concepts, let get back to the original Prevention. The fact is that the perception of Prevention is not new at all. The ideas that mental distress might be prevented and eliminated happened a long time ago, back to the ancient time.However, the fully attainable concept of Prevention as a Public Health treatment was recently developed when the number of serious mentally ill patients as well as divorces go es higher and faster. Prevention provides strategies that not only help all the patients take part in avoid illness and promoting health, but also enlighten the misunderstanding and wrong claims and opinions about emotional distress. Really, there were any people bringing on the ideas saying that major illness is surely in large part genetically determined and is absolutely not preventable, at most modifiable.Prevention proves that these ideas are wrong and that mental problems are not such diseases that can be hinted to any microorganism or DNA thread. They are actually troubles derived from the very normal routine life of each individual. Sometimes they can be cause from the factors of that patient’s life like family, friends, colleagues†¦; sometimes they are from the patient himself/herself. Therefore, because those problems are not genetic and instinctive, it is easy to result that they can be controlled, prevented, and eliminated. 4] So, how does Prevention do its j obs as a helpful treatment of promoting mental health and avoiding illness? The answer is in its technology given by four specific tools as Education, Community Organization, Competency Promotion, and Natural Caregiving. Each of them has different perspective, way of approaching, and practical application but they all have the same purpose of preventing mentally illness and promoting health. [3] My Plan of prevention of Divorce is a combination of martial and relationship tips, academic and proved material, and practically social information.The points are simple rules and tips to some people in their lives, but these people are failed to recognize or even ignore and underestimate them. This leads to number of serious consequences to their marriage lives, even divorces. As I mentioned, all my attention will be the Prevention applied to the time period before couples married. Firstly, the optimal step for the all couples before they commit to each other in order to have a good and st able marriage is to question themselves and each other â€Å"Am I sure? Are you sure? [6] That means a premarital couple have to make sure the other is the only one and their ultimate finish of love. Both of them have to make it clear that the other one think the same and is literally willing to commit to this life ahead. [5] There are some couples rushing to marriage by their contemporary passion and feeling without thinking reasonably. Certainly, this kind of marriage later will obtain many obstacles and problems and suffer from the multiple consequences including divorce if they do not ask for any help. Marriage is an important thing ever happening to a person.Make sure that is the right one and be ready to spend the rest time of your life with him/her. [1] The second point of the Prevention Plan is â€Å"Professional help is not supplementary, at all. † Some couples think they are fine with everything; all they need to do is go ahead and be ready for a wedding without th inking twice about this as a big incident that will change their lives forever. Premarital counseling is extremely important that helps couples have a clearer and more complete view of what is going happen and how things change dramatically after they become husbands and wives.Besides, this is also a chance for the couples to make up their mind again and see if the other one is really the one. This may create disappointments for some couples when they think they already know everything about their relationship (but they do not). However, this is one of the most effective ways to prevent the probability of divorces happen right before the marriage happens. [2] Another thing that affects most to the stability of marriage life of any couple is â€Å"Defining expectations can help build a good plan. † Any victorious battle has its own strategy.What are the expectations? They are intentions, standards, rules that are summed up by both sides of couple and will be applied for their future family. The same with this situation, a happy future house is not only built with love, but also with wisdom and knowledge. The expectations can be only found, treasured, and carried by communication, and the best way to communicate is, of course, talking. [6] Beside building, reinforcing, and enriching the love, respect, understanding to each other, the couples should take time having some serious talking, discussing about their future family.Many things this talking can come with are such as finance, children, sex, housework, religion, jobs†¦ Having a clearer and practical view of these factors can help couples avoid many unexpected issues popping up in their future life together. It will be a lot easier and simpler to avoid, deal with and fix these problems when the insiders already know the concepts of original issues. [2] Many people think it is wasting of time and unnecessary to spend their time for their future marriages while they have not even get married yet.Ac tually, this period of time is the bridge between the dating and marriage. Maybe dating does not work effectively to screen out future divorces, particularly those that occur early in marriage; however, preventing is much better than fixing. This period of time is the most magnificent transition step for couple to reinforce their points of view, concepts, and knowledge about the marital lives waiting for them ahead. Therefore, I can surely say that my Prevention Plan will work effectively in any society, including a nation with a high rate of divorces like U.S. As you can see above, this plan with three general tips is simple and trivial point in premarital relationship; however, missing, ignoring or even misusing them can lead to serious problems. Not only the citizens are educated about marriage promoting and divorce preventing, but also the influence of mental health service in U. S. will get more appreciations, attentions, and profits from the public. These profits can help impr ove the U. S’s medical health development in many ways also.The open behaviors that I encourage couples to do are completely suitably helpful for Americans especially young people to develop themselves a confidence in dealing with different situations that life brings to them. Number of stably happy families maintains and improves; divorce decreases; society is higher in standards; the country is stronger. The best way to get the Prevention Plan maximized its power is to publicize and popularize them as a guide for premarital, engaged, or long-termed couples.The therapists, professionals, or mentalists of Marital Mental Healthcare need to know about and encourage the couples to apply it. The plan should be also introduced to people by media like Science newspapers, Family or Health magazines, the online articles†¦ In order to get more results, the government also should legalize the law that each premarital couple have to take mandatory Marriage and Family course in orde r to have better perspectives of what they are going to face in the near future and to give them a chance to rethink if what they are doing is right or wrong.This will raise a flow of opposing ideas from media and public about imposing and frustrating premarital couples. This Prevention working means the rate of marriage of U. S. will decrease in some way also due to the cut way of couples who realize they are not ready for marriage. The birth rate is also stable due to the couples already talked about children issues before marriage. There are absolutely less poor or foster-care children due to the number of broken families reduce. The children’s future life quality is more clearly defined in a positive way. [1]Divorce rate decrease can lead to many social advantages and benefits to both people and government. My plan simply gives a little help to the couples that will be the future husbands or wives. Hopefully with its help, our nation will develop in a stable tempo. Though my plan plays as a tool to prevent Divorce for couples before marriage, it is the most important when the couples themselves are willing to do what the plan says. References 1. â€Å"How do you know that you married the right person? † Available: http://www. marriagemax. com/prevent-divorce. asp 2. Prevent Divorce before you get married. † June 22, 2009. Available: http://www. crosswalk. com/family/marriage/prevent-divorce-before-you-get-married-11605052. html 3. â€Å"Wellness – Primary Prevention. † Material. 4. Primary Prevention and its technology. † Material. 5. Marriage and the family: Diversity and Strengths (7th Edition). Olson-DeFrain – Skogrand. Chapter 9: Friendship, Intimacy, Friendship. Material. 6. â€Å"Preventing Divorce Before you Say ‘I Do’. † January 30, 2007. Available: http://voices. yahoo. com/preventing-divorce-say-do-177817. html

Quationair on Airtel Broadband Customer Satisfaction Essay

QUESTIONNAIRE BASED ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION NAME OF THE ORGANISATION:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ADDRESS / OFFICE (1) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ BRANCH OFFICE / HO †¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.( INDIA / ABROAD) CONTACT NO. (†¦S)†¦.. (1) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ INFORMATION COLLECTED FROM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ DESIGNATION/ E-MAIL ID †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ NO. OF INTERNET USERS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ HOURS OF USAGE PER DAY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. * * ABOUT YOUR ORGANISATION SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. IT MANAGER †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. Overall, how do you feel about your experience with BHARTI as your Internet Service Provider? Excellent[ ] Very Good[ ] Good[ ] Fair[ ] Poor[ ] 2. Rate the following aspects of your internet connection from BHARTI ExcellentVery GoodGoodFairPoor Reliability[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Speed[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Busy signals[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Disconnects[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] 3 In speaking with your support representative, how would you rate the following as friendly, as professionalism or as in interested in solving your problem? a. Friendly As friendly as I expected[ ] Friendly[ ] Average[ ] Less friendly than I expected[ ] Unfriendly[ ] N/A[ ] b. Professionalism As professional as I expected[ ] Professional[ ] Neither professional nor unprofessional[ ] Less professional than I expected[ ] Unprofessional[ ] c. Interest in solving your problem As interested as I expected[ ] Very interested[ ] Interested[ ] Neither interested nor uninterested[ ] Uninterested[ ] 4.When solving your problem, how would you rate the information provided? Extremely well presented and understandable [ ] Well presented and understandable [ ] Sufficient to solve the problem [ ] Difficult to understand [ ] Extremely difficult to understand [ ] N/A [ ] 5. Understanding of the problem Very satisfied that my problem was understood[ ] Somewhat satisfied that my problem was understood[ ] Unsure that my problem was understood[ ] My problem was not understood [ ] Did not have the ability to solve my problem [ ] 6. Was your problem solved on this call? Yes[ ] No[ ] Do not remember[ ] Other ___________________________________ 7. If your answer to the previous question was no, why? The problem was caused by a piece of software other than Bharti software. [ ] The problem was due to a network or server outage.[ ] The problem was with my system or phone lines. [ ] I got transferred to someone who could fix my problem. [ ] I got frustrated and decided it was not worth fixing my Problem. [ ] The rep lacked the knowledge to resolve the problems With my Bharti software and connection correctly. [ ] Other ___________________________________ 8. If you needed to contact Bharti’s technical support again and were given the option to speak with this representative, would you? Yes[ ] No[ ] Undecided[ ] 9. How would you rate Bharti technical support as compared to that of other companies? Much better than other companies’ technical support.[ ] Better than other companies’ technical support.[ ] About the same quality as other companies technical support.[ ] Worse than other companies’ technical support.[ ] Much worse than other companies’ technical support.[ ] I have never contacted another company for technical support.[ ] N/A[ ]

What would be the Global Benefit?

The gap between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have nots’ has been growing steadily over time. The statistics are heartrending. Of the world’s adult population, 2% own greater than 50% of the world’s household wealth. Additionally, the upper 1% of the world’s adult population, as of the year 2000, owned about 40% of all the worlds’ assets. Further, 10% of the world’s richest people account for 85% of the world’s wealth. Sadly, the bottom 50% of the world’s adult population only manages 1% of the world’s wealth.These statistics can only be described as dismal (Davies, Sandstrom, Shorrocks & Wolff, 2006). According to the World Economic and Social Survey carried out in the year 2006, the growth of the world’s developing countries is dependent on domestic policies as well as the regional environment and global economic environment (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Since it was found that developing c ountries are growing at a much less rate than their developed counterparts as far as technological advances are concerned, changes need to be made to make growth and development feasible.These developing countries are finding it difficult to come up with new activities that will strengthen the countries economy (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Some of the changes that need to be made include the following: There is a need for macroeconomic stability with does not just mean low inflation, but includes the avoidance of fluctuations in business cycles as well as financial crises and external imbalances. This will increase investment and encourage growth within the country (Reducing International Inequality, 2006).The developing countries will also need to create new institutional reforms, guarantee property rights and create new markets. Institutional frameworks and regulations that are needful for the flourishing of markets must also be provided. The necessary public resourc es to ensure a thriving market should be put in place and rules must be fair across the board (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Globalization has done a great job of opening up governments to the idea of a free-market. This in turn has opened up new opportunities in global trade as well as investment.With new markets comes a new potential for production to meet the demand, hence more income for the individual and the country (What is globalization? ). Globalization may help reduce the economic imbalances by renegotiating barriers that may be there in commerce, thereby establishing favorable agreements that will encourage trade in services, goods and investment. This is great for fostering foreign partnership with different corporations setting up shop in a developing country of choice bringing, employment opportunities and skills transfer to the people of the land which they can use in the future.This then increases their household wealth and raises the standards of the peo ple closing the inequality gap. Technology also has a great role to play. The internet for instance has made it possible for many people in developing countries to engage in e-commerce (What is globalization? ). This has transformed the economic lives of many people, especially computer literate youth. The advantages of information technology are vast and touch the lives of investors, consumers and businesses. People in any nation are able to learn about opportunities in a timely manner, which allows them to pursue the said opportunities faster.Additionally, the analysis of economic trends is faster. Collaboration and communication with partners in far away countries is instant and assets can be transferred at the click of a button. All these are ways that globalization opens up developing countries to opportunities all over the world and if maximized, these opportunities can lead to economic uplifting. (What is globalization? ). One cannot forget those that have no access to the in ternet though, or cannot afford it. According to the World Development Report 2007, majority of the worlds poor depend on agriculture for their livelihood.75% of the poor people in the world live in rural areas, of these 86% are dependent on agriculture (Boyne, 2007). Therefore one cannot speak of the development of wealth equality without addressing the issue of agriculture. According to this report, in order to meet the millennium development goal of reducing poverty and hunger by 50% by the year 2015 in these poor developing countries, agricultural development is a must. In order to make agriculture the mainstay of rural development it is important that the local authorities in any country make the environment suitable and supportive.Additionally, fair rules trade both nationally and internationally must be established, mitigating climatic changes as well as adopting to them and benefiting the poor (Boyne, 2007). The US being counted among the developed and richest countries in t he world is often called upon to assist or give aid to countries that are less fortunate. The money used for such funding is gained from the American tax payer. If the nations of the world were more stable due to equality in wealth distribution, it goes without saying that many of those countries would require only a fraction of the said funding or none at all.The US could then use the funds to carry out other projects or fund social programs such as welfare for those within the country that need the help. Additionally, social security funds would not be used to fund other programs leading to a deficit and fear as the baby boomers reach retirement age. More funding would go into research, fortifying the military or homeland defense, as well as many other projects that would be beneficial to the country. This would ease political tensions and bickering and allow elected officials to work without distraction.Internationally, it would enable to worlds countries to interact as equals. T he dominance asserted by the nations lending aid to poor countries would cease. This would reduce anti American sentiment in many of these poor nations. The opening of global markets is the best way to deal with the issue of unequal wealth distribution. Setting fair international trade regulations will be of great benefit towards this endeavor and agriculture, the main livelihood of the very poor, must be addressed.Benefits of this will be enormous to the US as it will enable the country to retain majority, if not all donor funds which can then be utilized for the benefits of the American people, who earned the money in the first place. References Boyne, I. (2007, October 21). Investment, Inequality Growing Globally. Global Policy Forum. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2007/1021invest. htm Davies, J. B. , Sandstrom, S. , Shorrocks, A & Wolff,E. N. (2006, December 5). The world distribution of household wealth.World Institute for Develop ment Economics Research of the United Nations University (UN-WIDER). Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2006/1206unufull. pdf Reducing international inequality – UN report. (2006, July). Global Policy Forum. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2006/0715southbulletin. htm What is globalization? Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalization101. org/What_is_Globalization. html? PHPSESSID=359a52eea34f319e3d9e49a50fe9ae0e

American Materialism

The world is now filled with corporations dedicated to provide both wants and needs of the people. If a person is craving for Big Mac or missing any episode of a favorite show, the access to acquire what is wanted is delimited by just any means. Corporations are everywhere, go to any place in the United States and there are the hundred corporations waiting just to serve you.American tastes accessibly satisfied anywhere nowadays. The proliferation of American products and corporations dedicated in giving them is not just mere coincidence of society development, but a result of globalization and the trend of conscious disintegration of American attitudes and values, aptly stated, is cultural imperialism.(Galeota, 2004) In 1976, theorist Herbert Schiller defines cultural imperialism as â€Å"the sum processes by which society is brought into the modern world system, and how its dominating stratum is attracted, pressured, forced, and sometimes bribed into shaping social institutions top correspond to, or even promote, the values and structures of the dominant center of the system†. (Galeota, 2004) This statement regards the influence of corporate America as not involving simple consumer goods, but rather the fact those American principles such as freedom and happiness disseminates.Although this is appealing at first glance, in a way it show how society is progressing, it covers the awful truth that many cultures in America, held by moral values and principles are gradually disappearing because of the influence of corporate America. There are many motivations to which American cultural imperialism can be attributed to. Throughout history, there has been the desire to access foreign markets and the belief of the superior America, dominating the world.This desire now transforms into greater desire to control not just the foreign markets, but also the entire consumers of the world, not just in America. This is the enabling factor for business enterprises to expa nd and franchise. The American corporation domination results to local enterprises’ suffering. And because American corporations are able to gain profit, and conveniently serve America interest, they disregard the detrimental effects of American corporations’ control of the global market.Historically, materialism in America can be attributed to the Protestant Ethics and the Expansion of merchants in America. The first reason, attributed to the study of Max Weber â€Å"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism† (1904-1905), states that because the original settlers of America are Calvinists, their beliefs supplies moral energy and drive towards a capitalist entrepreneur. (M. , 2001) They worked their way into development towards the accumulation of work, but at the same time lived simple lives and failed to enjoy the fruits of their labor.(M. , 2001) This is the principle that governs the protestant ethic, that hard work is essential with simple living. M ore so, the ethic prescribed attributes religious reasons for the manner by which people and society should live. The idea is that hard work is prescribed by God, one of the reasons why we exist. Thus wealth is God-given and seen as God’s reward to those who works hard. This attitude also relates to the nineteenth century belief of the jingoists which attempted to fulfill what according to them was divinely ordained American expansion.The other reason for corporate America’s influence on materialism lies in the expansion of merchants during the 1920’s headed by the group Great merchants (the Sears & Roebuck, Wanamaker’s, and Marshall Fields). (W. , 1993) The group experienced difficulties in expanding their business and thus was motivated to think of ways to have new methods in merchandising, fashion, advertising and consumer credit. Consumer credit became popular as businesses were getting more from credit taxes and interests. Even through the Great Mark et Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, America did not lose its taste for consumerism and profit.Newer corporations experienced the need for greater mass seduction and gaining of profit after a period of the market’s recession. This did not hinder merchants to expand their options. Business schools started to emerge and the new theories in economics are now greatly reserved for the study concerning business and marketing. Marketing is one of the greatest influences on American materialism brought by corporate America. Advertisements, posters, billboards and others now promises greater benefits for the consumer at a cost which can be redeemed through work and even consumer credit.What this does is to project the image of America as provider of all things and the land of greatness- the reason for American consumers’ clamor for products. Corporation which reached the global market had employed localized strategies to gain their stance in a globally competitive world. Corporations are now capable to expand and sell their product worldwide with the thought that if in America they gain profit, much more in other countries. (W. , 1993) Corporate America influenced not just American consumers to become materialistic, but even global consumers.Corporations have succeeded in making them superior and globally competitive. Products and other items can easily be acquired and consumers find these products as necessity more than luxury goods. Money does not buy happiness. The essential goal in living a full life is not just mere acquisition of money to buy anything you want, or whatever is the hottest item in the market today. What is important is setting the priority to recognize the intangible rewards or life: family, love, relationships, friendships and others.Section 2: No, Corporations does not cause Materialism Life is about achieving happiness. Borrowing Socrates’ thoughts, the goal in life is to pursue happiness. Happiness comes in many forms ; certainly the general idea on happiness comes from acquiring material possession or from the intangible perks of living life, like love, family and friends. The person who thinks of today will account wealth as an important factor in his happiness- not just being satisfied emotionally, spiritually and morally, but also materially.In psychology’s basic needs, we account food, shelter and clothing as the primary needs of the individual. Accomplishing those needs means that the person can now start to live his life comfortable. But as development in society transpires, as people sees the potential of available resources and service to other people as well, the concept of having more than the basic is a reason to work hard and do good in a chosen career. Having wealth is a personal and subjective goal.When one has money, this does not mean that he/she is intrinsically materialistic, it can be said that the benefits of having money in a corporate and capitalism dominated world m eans a comfortable life for families and people. Work pays off with financial gains, and the more hard work put into it, the more rewards for a hard day’s work. People who are somehow viewed as materialistic is charged with this false accusation. It can be realized that with wealth, happiness and other aesthetic meanings to life can be the ultimate and final goal of the person.Acquisition of wealth is now deemed as a way to meet the ends. In a capitalist dominated world, corporate America is now greatly influenced with theories on the economy and business sector. These sectors can be stated as governing factors in the way people live. A country’s market economy is a determinant and a reflection of the people in the society lives. In America, considered as one of the biggest nations in the world; the most competitive, and rich country, had made it a point to provide American consumers their needs and wants.To satisfy their need with their financial ability contributed t o their stance in a globally competitive world. Corporations and businesses should not be blamed for the materialistic Americans. Some Americans work hard for their money, even to the point of having no time for their family and personal life. We cannot blame Americans who has set their priority to work, because behind it, there lays the reason that they want to provide for their family and achieve a sense of self-fulfillment by accomplishing their goals in their careers.It can also be said that those accused materialistic Americans are just reaping their rewards of hard work that their intention is to live fruitfully their given hard labor. After all, they deserve it. Corporations is not a reason for the materialistic America, their main goal is to provide consumers with a range of products they need, they want, and can afford. The society should also not be blamed for spending money or regarding financial status as important in their lives, after all, the true reason behind it all is to be self-fulfilled and happy.Let us look behind the actions and focus on the reasons that reflect who Americans really are, people who are in pursuit of their happiness. Reference: Galeota, J. (2004). Cultural imperialism: an American tradition [Electronic Version], 1. Retrieved April 23 from http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G1-116733753. html. M. , W. (2001). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (T. Parsons, Trans. ). New York: Routledge. W. , L. (1993). Land of Desire, merchants, Power and the Rise of a New American Culture. New York: Random House.